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Micro > Gram - Part 3 > Flashcards

Gram - Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Has multiple flagella at one pole and is actively motile.

A

Helicobacter pylori

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2
Q

Grows in 3–6 days when incubated at 37°C in a microaero-

philic environment

A

H pylori

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3
Q

Media for primary isolation of H pylori

A

• Skirrow’s medium with
vancomycin, polymyxin B
• trimethoprim, chocolate medium

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4
Q

Translucent colonies

A

H pylori

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5
Q
  • oxidase positive
  • catalase positive
  • motile
  • a strong producer of urease.
A

H pylori

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6
Q

Optimal pH H pylori grows.

A

6.0-7.0 pH

Not grows at the pH within the gastric lumen

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7
Q

H pylori is found:

A

Deep in the mucous layer near epithelial surface where physiologic pH is present

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8
Q

Produces protease that modifies the gastric mucus and reduces the ability of acid to diffuse through the mucus

A

H pylori

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9
Q

Organism that yelds in the production of ammonia and buffering of acid

A

H pylori

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10
Q

Acute symptoms of infection of H pylori may last for

A

1-2 weeks

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11
Q

H pylori is also a risk factor for

A

Gastric carcinoma and lymphoma

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12
Q

Determination of serum antibodies in H pylori infection

A

Blood

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13
Q

Gastric biopsy specimens can be used for histologic examination or
minced in saline and used for culture.

A

H pylori

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14
Q

May be collected for H pylori antigen detection

A

Stool samples

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15
Q

Required for diagnosis of H pylori infection

A

Gastroscopy

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16
Q

Demonstrates in routine stains of H pylori infection

A

Gastritis

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17
Q

can show the curved or spiral-shaped organisms

A

Giemsa or special silver

stains H pylori

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18
Q

performed when patients are not responding to treatment,

and there is a need to assess susceptibility patterns.

A

Culture for H pylori

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19
Q

Persist even if the H pylori infection is

eradicated, and the role of this in diagnosing active infection or after therapy is therefore limited.

A

Serum antibodies

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20
Q

Used to detect urease activity are widely used for presumptive identification of H pylori in specimens.

A

Rapid tests

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21
Q

Test that will result if H pylori is present, the urease activity generates labeled CO2 that can be detected in the patient’s exhaled breath.

A

Urea breath tests

22
Q

Appropriate as a test of

cure for patients with known H pylori infection who have been treated.

A

Stool specimen

23
Q

Eradicates H pylori infection in 70–95% of patients

A

Triple therapy with metronidazole and either bismuth subsalicylate or bismuth subcitrate plus either amoxicillin or tetracycline for 14 days

24
Q

enhances ulcer

healing in H pylori infection

A

Acid-suppressing agent given for 4–6 weeks

25
Q

Directly inhibit H pylori and appear to

be potent urease inhibitors.

A

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

26
Q

The preferred initial therapy of H pylori infection

A

7–10 days of a PPI plus amoxicillin and

clarithromycin or a quadruple regimen of a PPI metronidazole, tetracycline, and bismuth for 10 days

27
Q

At 6–8 hours in rich medium, the small coccobacillary forms predominate.
• Later, there are longer rods and very pleomorphic forms.

A

Haemophilus influenza

28
Q

Used for the capsule of Haemophilus influenza

A

Typing H influenza

29
Q

Culture demonstrate flat, grayish, translucent colonies with diameters of
1–2 mm are present after 24 hours of incubation of Haemophilus influenza

A

Chocolate agar

30
Q

Does not grow on sheep blood agar except around colonies of staphylococci (“satellite phenomenon”)

A

H influenzae

31
Q

Identification of organisms of the Haemophilus group depends partly
on demonstrating the need for certain growth factors called

A

X and V

32
Q

Acts physiologically as hemin

A

Factor X

33
Q

Factor that can be replaced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or other coenzymes

A

Factor V

34
Q

Contains capsular polysaccharides of one of six types (a–f)

A

Encapsulated H influenza

35
Q

A type of capsular antigen is a polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP).

A

Type B

36
Q

Can be typed by slide agglutination,

coagglutination with staphylococci, or agglutination of latex particles coated with type-specific antibodies

A

Encapsulated H influenzae

37
Q

Normal microbiota of the upper
respiratory tract are not encapsulated and are referred to as nontypeable
(NTHi).

A

Most H influenzae

38
Q

The somatic antigens of H influenzae consist of

A

outer membrane proteins

39
Q

Produces no exotoxin

A

H influenzae

40
Q

The major virulence factor of H influenzae

A

Polyribose phosphate capsule of type b

41
Q

Most common etiologic agents of bacterial otitis media and acute sinusitis.

A

H influenzae, mostly nontypeable, and pneumococci

42
Q

Before the use of the conjugate vaccine, it was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children aged 5 months to 5 years in the United States.

A

H influenzae type B

43
Q

Available for immunologic detection of H

influenzae antigens in spinal fluid

A

Commercial kits

44
Q

Specimens of H influenzae are grown on

A

IsoVitaleX-enriched chocolate agar

45
Q

H influenzae is differentiated from related gram-negative bacilli by

A

its requirements for X and V factors and by its lack of hemolysis on blood agar

46
Q

The Haemophilus species that require this grow around paper strips or disks containing V factor placed on the surface of agar that has been autoclaved before the blood was added

A

V factor (heat liable)

47
Q

A strip containing this can be placed in parallel with one containing V factor on agar deficient in these nutrients

A

X factor

48
Q

Susceptible to ampicillin, but up to 25% produce a β-lactamase under control of a transmissible plasmid and are resistant.

A

Many strains of H influenzae type B

49
Q

All strains of H influenzae is susceptible to

A

third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems

50
Q

Treatment for H influenzae that is given intravenously

A

Cefotaxime

Micro (17 decks)

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