Acid Fast Bacteria Part 2 Flashcards
Often called the MAC or MAI (M avium intracellulare) complex.
Grow optimally at 41°C and produce smooth, soft , nonpigmented colonies.
M avium complex
Patients at risk include those with .
cystic fibrosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Pulmonary MAC disease has also been described in middle-aged to elderly women in the absence of chronic lung disease and has been referred to as which this form of the disease is indolent and over time is characterized by nodules in the middle lobes and lingula that progress to cavitation.
Lady Windermere syndrome.
Is the most common presentation in young children (< 5 years of age).
Cervical lymphadenitis
The major manifestation of M avium complex
unilateral, firm adenopathy; fever is generally absent.
MAC organisms routinely are resistant to
first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs
Treatment for M avium complex
- With either clarithromycin or azithromycin plus EMB is a preferred initial therapy
- rifabutin (Ansamycin), clofazimine, and fluoroquinolones.
A photochromogen that requires complex media for growth at 37°C
M kansasii
It can produce pulmonary and systemic disease indistinguishable from tuberculosis, especially in patients with impaired immune responses.
M kansasii
M kansasii is sensitive to
RMP, it is treated with the combination of RMP, EMB, and INH with a good clinical response.
A scotochromogen occasionally found in water and as a saprophyte in adults with chronic lung disease.
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum causes ______ lymphadenitis in children and, rarely, other granulomatous disease.
chronic cervical
Surgical excision of involved cervical lymph nodes may be curative, and resistance to antituberculosis drugs is common to treat.
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
These organisms occur in water, grow best at low temperature (31°C), may infect fish, and can produce superficial skin lesions (ulcers, “swimming pool granulomas”) in humans.
Mycobacterium marinum
Mycobacterium ulcerans
Treatment for Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium ulcerans
Surgical excision, tetracyclines, RMP, and EMB are sometimes effective
These are saprophytes found in soil and water that grow rapidly (3–6 days) in culture and form no pigment. They can produce superficial and systemic disease in humans on rare occasions.
Mycobacterium fortuitum Complex
Treatment for Mycobacterium fortuitum Complex
amikacin doxycycline cefoxitin erythromycin RMP.
Both species are capable of causing skin, so tissue, and bone infections after trauma or surgery, which can disseminate in immunocompromised patients.
Mycobacterium chelonae
Mycobacterium abscessus
Also frequently recovered from patients with respiratory disease in the United States, especially in south-eastern regions.
The individuals most commonly infected are elderly, white, female nonsmokers
Mycobacterium abscessus
Is typically susceptible to tobramycin, clarithromycin, linezolid, and imipenem.
Mycobacterium chelonae
Are usually used for treatment of M abscessus, although drug resistance is a major problem with this organism
Clarithromycin, amikacin, and cefoxitin
Causes a pulmonary tuberculosis-like disease in adults and lymphadenitis in children.
Mycobacterium malmoense
Cause disease in patients with AIDS
Mycobacterium haemophilum and Mycobacterium genavense
Current recommendations for prevention of leprosy include a
thorough examination of household contacts and close relatives.
