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Biochemistry > Glycolysis: Respiration > Flashcards

Glycolysis: Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is Metabolism?

A

All chemical reactions that take place in the body.

-Maintain living state of an organism

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2
Q

What is an Anabolic Pathway?

A
  • Synthesis of smaller molecules to larger ones.
  • Requires ATP be synthesised
  • Endergonic Reaction
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3
Q

What is an Oxidised Precursor?

A
  • Required for Anabolic Pathway

- Substance that has been formed from another

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4
Q

What is a Catabolic Pathway?

A
  • Breaks down larger molecules to smaller ones

- Exergonic

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5
Q

How many carbon molecules does Glucose have?

A

X6

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6
Q

What is the name for a short and long glucose molecule?

A

Short-Monosaccharide

Long-Polysaccharide

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7
Q

Name X3 types of Polysaccharides (Glucose)

A
  • Cellulose
  • Starch
  • Glycogen
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8
Q

What are the X3 fates of Glucose?

A
  • Anaerobic
  • Aerobic
  • Pentose Phosphate Pathway
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9
Q

How is Glucose transported into cells to undergo its fate?

A
  • Passive Facilitated Diffusion
  • Glucose Transport (GLUT 1,2,3 or 4)
  • Changes conformation
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10
Q

What is the first stage of Glycolysis?

A

-Energy Investment Phase

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11
Q

What is the Energy Investment Phase?

A
  • 2ATP invested to breakdown glucose

- Forms Fructose -1- Diphosphate (Intermediate 1)

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12
Q

What happens after Intermediate 1 formed in Glycolysis?

A
  • Cleaved

- Forms 2-Triose Phosphates (Intermediate 2)

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13
Q

What is the Energy Pay Off Phase?

A
  • X4 ATP produced from breakdown of glucose

- X2 ATP Net gain

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14
Q

What removes Hydrogen ions that have been formed at the end?

A
  • Dehydrogenase Enzymes
  • These are Hydrogen/Electron Acceptors
  • NAD/FAD to form NADH
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15
Q

What is the name for the X3 pathways that regulates Glycolysis?

A

Control Points

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16
Q

Name the X3 Pathways

A

1) Hexokinase – substrate entry (part 1-glycolysis)
2) Phosphofructokinase- Rate of flow
3) Pyruvate Kinase Product exit (pyruvate)

-Regulated by enzymes

17
Q

What is the Phosphofructosekinase Control Point Pathway?

A

-Phosphofructokinase catalyses the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

18
Q

What activates and inhibits PFK?

A

Activator- AMP

Inhibitor-ATP, Citrate, Hydronium Ions

19
Q

What is the Energy Charge Ratio associated with Glycolysis?

A

ATP:AMP

20
Q

What does a fully discharged ATP:AMP Ratio mean?

A

-ALL ATP is present

21
Q

What does discharged ratio mean?

A

-ONLY contains AMP no ATP

22
Q

What is the final electron acceptor for Hydrogen in Respiration?

A

-Oxygen

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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