Glycolysis: Respiration Flashcards
What is Metabolism?
All chemical reactions that take place in the body.
-Maintain living state of an organism
What is an Anabolic Pathway?
- Synthesis of smaller molecules to larger ones.
- Requires ATP be synthesised
- Endergonic Reaction
What is an Oxidised Precursor?
- Required for Anabolic Pathway
- Substance that has been formed from another
What is a Catabolic Pathway?
- Breaks down larger molecules to smaller ones
- Exergonic
How many carbon molecules does Glucose have?
X6
What is the name for a short and long glucose molecule?
Short-Monosaccharide
Long-Polysaccharide
Name X3 types of Polysaccharides (Glucose)
- Cellulose
- Starch
- Glycogen
What are the X3 fates of Glucose?
- Anaerobic
- Aerobic
- Pentose Phosphate Pathway
How is Glucose transported into cells to undergo its fate?
- Passive Facilitated Diffusion
- Glucose Transport (GLUT 1,2,3 or 4)
- Changes conformation
What is the first stage of Glycolysis?
-Energy Investment Phase
What is the Energy Investment Phase?
- 2ATP invested to breakdown glucose
- Forms Fructose -1- Diphosphate (Intermediate 1)
What happens after Intermediate 1 formed in Glycolysis?
- Cleaved
- Forms 2-Triose Phosphates (Intermediate 2)
What is the Energy Pay Off Phase?
- X4 ATP produced from breakdown of glucose
- X2 ATP Net gain
What removes Hydrogen ions that have been formed at the end?
- Dehydrogenase Enzymes
- These are Hydrogen/Electron Acceptors
- NAD/FAD to form NADH
What is the name for the X3 pathways that regulates Glycolysis?
Control Points
Name the X3 Pathways
1) Hexokinase – substrate entry (part 1-glycolysis)
2) Phosphofructokinase- Rate of flow
3) Pyruvate Kinase Product exit (pyruvate)
-Regulated by enzymes
What is the Phosphofructosekinase Control Point Pathway?
-Phosphofructokinase catalyses the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
What activates and inhibits PFK?
Activator- AMP
Inhibitor-ATP, Citrate, Hydronium Ions
What is the Energy Charge Ratio associated with Glycolysis?
ATP:AMP
What does a fully discharged ATP:AMP Ratio mean?
-ALL ATP is present
What does discharged ratio mean?
-ONLY contains AMP no ATP
What is the final electron acceptor for Hydrogen in Respiration?
-Oxygen
