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Biochemistry > Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Central Dogma?

A

Formation of DNA into a protein form

DNA>RNA>Protein

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2
Q

What are Nucleotides?

A

-Base, Sugar and Phosphate

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3
Q

What are Nucleosides?

A
  • Base and Sugar

- NO Phosphate

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4
Q

How would you determine type of sugar?

A

-The R group attached to 2’ end of the nucleotide

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5
Q

What R group is attached to a Nucleotide?

A

-Single hydrogen bond

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6
Q

What R Group is attached to a Nucleoside?

A

-Hydroxyl (OH)

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7
Q

Name base pairs for DNA

A

Adenine and Thymine (AT)

Guanine and Cytosine (GC)

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8
Q

Name base pairs for RNA

A

Adenine and Uracil (AU)

Guanine and Cytosine (GC)

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9
Q

Name the two Nitrogen bases that hold DNA molecule together through Hydrogen Bonds

A

Purines

Pyrimidines

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10
Q

What is Nomenclature?

A

The naming of something

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11
Q

What are DNA and RNA Building blocks?

A

-Help formation of DNA/RNA

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12
Q

Where are end are DNA Nucleotides added to?

A

Free ‘3’ Ends

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13
Q

What is a free hydroxyl group?

A

-When OH R group of a nucleotide is left exposed

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14
Q

What is a Phosphodiester bond?

A

When two HIGH ENERGY bonds are formed between 3’ end and 5’ end of nucleotides joined.

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15
Q

What direction do DNA Strands run in?

A

-Parallel and Antiparallel

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16
Q

What does the Leading Strand do?

A
  • Replicates Inwards

- 3’ end open

17
Q

What does the Lagging Strand do?

A
  • Replicates Outwards
  • Replicated in ‘Ozaki’ fragments
  • Primers required to start off each fragment
18
Q

What enzyme joins Ozaki Fragments?

A

Ligase-enzyme

19
Q

What enzyme matches complementary DNA nucleotides?

A

DNA Polymerase

20
Q

What enzyme unzips the DNA double helix to from a replication fork?

A

Helicase- breaks hydrogen bonds

21
Q

What are Anti-Retro Viruses and how do they work?

A
  • Fight off Retro-Viruses such as HIV
  • Joins to 3’ end of a nucleotide and incorporates into DNA
  • Higher affinity to 3’ end than Retrovirus
  • Inhibits enzyme ‘Reverse Transcriptase’ stops –Retrovirus replicating
22
Q

Why is DNA Replicated before cell division?

A

-Ensure daughter cells have full set of DNA from genome

23
Q

What does it mean by DNA Replication is ‘Semi-Conservative?’

A

X1 Old and X1 New strand

24
Q

What are DNA Primers on lagging strand for?

A
  • Cannot add to 5’ end, and primers allow for be added to 3’ end
  • Removed at end of DNA Replication
  • Primase-enzyme synthesises Primers- made of RNA
25
Q

When does DNA Replication stop?

A

-When two replication bubbles meet

26
Q

Which DNA Strand Replicates Discontinuously?

A

Lagging

27
Q

Name the enzyme involved in DNA Proofreading for any mistakes

A

DNA polymerase-remove errors

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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