Energy and Thermodynamics

Question 1

What are the functions of biomolecules?

Answer 1

• Structural
• Information Storage
• Energy Generation and Storage
• Recognition and Communication

Question 2

What are Biomolecules?

Answer 2

A molecule involved in the maintenance of metabolic processes in the body.

Question 3

Name X4 Biomolecules Classes

Answer 3

• Peptides and Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids
• Carbohydrates

Question 4

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 4

-Energy cannot be produced or destroyed, ONLY transferred.

Question 5

What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 5

When energy is converted from one form to another some of the energy becomes unavailable to do the work.

Question 6

What does Entropy Mean?

Answer 6

Measure of disorder (Delta S degrees)

Question 7

What is the symbol and units for entropy?

Answer 7

• Delta S degrees

- JK Mol -1

Question 8

What is Enthalpy?

Answer 8

-The energy change

Question 9

What is the simple and units for enthalpy?

Answer 9

• Delta H degrees

- KJ Mol -1

Question 10

What measures reaction feasibility?

Answer 10

Gibbs free energy (Delta G)
G=H-TS
-Measured at 298K (25 degrees Celsius)

Question 11

What do Gibbs free energy Values Mean?

Answer 11

=0 Reaction has just become feasible
<0 Reaction is feasible (Negative)
>0 Reaction is NOT Feasible (Positive)

Question 12

What is an Exergonic Reaction?

Answer 12

• Reaction is feasible and spontaneous (lots energy give away :) )
• Gibbs free energy>0

Question 13

What is an Endergonic Reaction?

Answer 13

• Reaction is NOT Feasible

- Gibbs free energy < 0

Question 14

What are Standard State Conditions?

Answer 14

• 298K
• 1 Atmospheric Pressure
• X1 Moles conc. of reaction

Question 15

What does Equilibrium Mean?

Answer 15

-The Rate of the Forward Reaction equals rate of backwards

Question 16

How is Gibbs free energy and Equilibrium Associated?

Answer 16

• Gibbs free energy is proportional to the Equilibrium Constant
• Inc. Gibbs Free-nearer completion point of equilibrium

Question 17

What is the formula for the Equilibrium Constant?

Answer 17

-Calculates Products:Reactants Ratio

Keq= [C]^c [D]^d
[A]a [B]b

-When Keq =1 means products=reactants

Question 18

Why does Coupling of Processes Occur?

Answer 18

• If the reaction is unfavourable if Gibbs free energy > 1

- NOT feasible

Question 19

Describe the structure of ATP

Answer 19

• Electrostatic repulsion between negative charges

- Anhydride linkage (high-energy bond)

Question 20

Can ATP be stored?

Answer 20

-No it can only be regenerated by ADP + Pi> ATP

Question 21

Name the two types of Metabolic Reactions.

Answer 21

-Anabolic and Catabolic

Question 22

What is a Catabolic Reaction?

Answer 22

• Breaking down of larger molecules to smaller ones

- Releases Energy

Question 23

What is an Anabolic Reaction?

Answer 23

• Synthesis of smaller molecules to larger ones.

- Requires Energy

Question 24

Are Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions Exergonic or Endergonic?

Answer 24

Catabolic- Exergonic (Gibbs free energy <0 -Feasible)

Anabolic- Endergonic (Gibbs free energy >0- Not feasible so requires energy and reaction coupling)

Question 25

What is a Reaction Control Point?

Answer 25

-Point corresponding to a particular enzyme
-Good control points are Gibbs free energy < 0
(VERY negative)