Energy and Thermodynamics Flashcards
What are the functions of biomolecules?
- Structural
- Information Storage
- Energy Generation and Storage
- Recognition and Communication
What are Biomolecules?
A molecule involved in the maintenance of metabolic processes in the body.
Name X4 Biomolecules Classes
- Peptides and Proteins
- Lipids
- Nucleic Acids
- Carbohydrates
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
-Energy cannot be produced or destroyed, ONLY transferred.
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
When energy is converted from one form to another some of the energy becomes unavailable to do the work.
What does Entropy Mean?
Measure of disorder (Delta S degrees)
What is the symbol and units for entropy?
- Delta S degrees
- JK Mol -1
What is Enthalpy?
-The energy change
What is the simple and units for enthalpy?
- Delta H degrees
- KJ Mol -1
What measures reaction feasibility?
Gibbs free energy (Delta G)
G=H-TS
-Measured at 298K (25 degrees Celsius)
What do Gibbs free energy Values Mean?
=0 Reaction has just become feasible
<0 Reaction is feasible (Negative)
>0 Reaction is NOT Feasible (Positive)
What is an Exergonic Reaction?
- Reaction is feasible and spontaneous (lots energy give away :) )
- Gibbs free energy>0
What is an Endergonic Reaction?
- Reaction is NOT Feasible
- Gibbs free energy < 0
What are Standard State Conditions?
- 298K
- 1 Atmospheric Pressure
- X1 Moles conc. of reaction
What does Equilibrium Mean?
-The Rate of the Forward Reaction equals rate of backwards
How is Gibbs free energy and Equilibrium Associated?
- Gibbs free energy is proportional to the Equilibrium Constant
- Inc. Gibbs Free-nearer completion point of equilibrium
What is the formula for the Equilibrium Constant?
-Calculates Products:Reactants Ratio
Keq= [C]^c [D]^d
[A]a [B]b
-When Keq =1 means products=reactants
Why does Coupling of Processes Occur?
- If the reaction is unfavourable if Gibbs free energy > 1
- NOT feasible
Describe the structure of ATP
- Electrostatic repulsion between negative charges
- Anhydride linkage (high-energy bond)
Can ATP be stored?
-No it can only be regenerated by ADP + Pi> ATP
Name the two types of Metabolic Reactions.
-Anabolic and Catabolic
What is a Catabolic Reaction?
- Breaking down of larger molecules to smaller ones
- Releases Energy
What is an Anabolic Reaction?
- Synthesis of smaller molecules to larger ones.
- Requires Energy
Are Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions Exergonic or Endergonic?
Catabolic- Exergonic (Gibbs free energy <0 -Feasible)
Anabolic- Endergonic (Gibbs free energy >0- Not feasible so requires energy and reaction coupling)
What is a Reaction Control Point?
-Point corresponding to a particular enzyme
-Good control points are Gibbs free energy < 0
(VERY negative)
