Electron Chain Reaction: Respiration Flashcards
Where is the location of the Electron Transport Chain?
Cristae
What is first released at start of Electron Transport Chain?
ELECTRONS by NADH and FADH2
-Forms Electrochemical Gradient
What is the energy from the electrons used for?
Used to pump protons/H ions
What happens when Hydrogen ions exit back to matrix?
Drives the enzyme ATP Synthase produce ATP
What can NADH not pass through and how is this overcome?
Mitochondrial Membrane
-Malate Aspartate Shuttles
What are Malate Aspartate Shuttles?
- NADH formed from Glycolysis energy is used to form Oxaloacetate> Malate
- Malate formed is moved by Malate Transporters into Mitochondrial Matrix
- Malate is converted again> Oxaloacetate and forms NADH
What is Phosphorylation Action Potential?
- Free energy change in ATP hydrolysis
- Measured by Gibbs free energy
What is Electron Transfer Potential?
- E0
- Chance chemical species has to lose or receive electrons
What does a Negative and Positive Electron Transfer Potential?
- Negative Eo – Low affinity for electrons
- Positive E0- High Affinity for electrons
How is Electron Transfer Potential Measured?
-Redox Potential
What is Oxidative Phosphorylation?
-When ATP Synthesis is coupled with Electron Transport (Respiration)
Name the two stages of Oxidative Phosphorylation.
1) Electron Transport
2) ATP Synthesis
Describe the Electron Transport Stage in Electron Transport.
- When NADH and FADH2 release electrons and combine with final acceptor- Oxygen form water
- Energy used to pump hydrogens out matrix
- transfer from one molecule to another release energy
Describe ATP Synthesis Stage in Electron Transport Chain
-Uses energy stored to form ATP
Is Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis Synthesised by the same proton pump.
-NO
What is the Respiratory Chain and complexes associated?
- X4 Multi-subunit complexes
- X3 of Complexes pump H+
- Electrons are given to carriers with increasingly Positive Redox Potentials-HIGH.-Ability to gain or lose electrons
- Electrons are transferred to O2 to form H2O
- Cytochromes assist
What are Cytochromes?
- Proteins
- Help the Respiratory Chain
- Contains the Haem Prosthetic Group
- Contains Fe(II)
How is the. Electrochemical Gradient formed?
- Hydrogen ions and electrons released by Dehydrogenase enzymes
- Formed by being more H+ in intermembrane space than in the Matrix (outside)
- Matrix side is then more negative as less protons
- Protons want to flow back to matrix along Electrochemical Gradient
- This flow (Electron Transport Chain) is coupled with ATP Synthesis
What Enzyme is required for ATP Synthesis?
-ATP Synthase
What sub-units is ATP Synthase composed of?
- F1, F0, (rotate ATP Synthase)
- Alpha, Beta and Delta Sub-Units- form Stator (holds ATP in place)
- Gamma and Epsilon- Form the rotor which is spun
How is Oxidative Phosphorylation inhibited?
/inhibition Electron Transport Chain
- Cyanide, Axide and CO-inhibit transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to Oxygen acceptor
- No proton gradient formed
- No ATP Synthesised
What is energy of electrons used for?
-Form Electrochemical Gradient
What is P:O Ratio used for?
- Proton:oxygen Ratio
- Measures ATP Synthase and Electron Transport coupling
- Influences ATP amount formed
