Biochemistry of RNA Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bonding is present in RNA?

A

Intramolecular bonding (within)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the shape of RNA structure like?

A

Stem-Looped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the X3 Types of RNA

A

mRNA, tRNA and rRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is mRNA

A
  • Messenger RNA
  • Mature RNA Transcript formed from Transcription and Splicing
  • Carries genetic info to ribosome to be Translated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is rRNA?

A
  • Ribosomal RNA

- Proteins + rRNA forms Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is tRNA?

A
  • Transfer RNA
  • Matches complementary anticodons to codons of mRNA
  • Combines Amino acids via Peptide links
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Intermolecular and Intramolecular forces?

A

Intramolecular-Forces between atoms within a molecule

Intermolecular forces- between two groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the RNA Polymerase binding stage in Transcription.

A

-RNA Polymerase enzymes detects ‘Promotor’ sites where DNA Synthesis occurs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does RNA Polymerase enzyme require?

A

Transcription Factors-proteins that can bind to DNA and Initiate or Inhibit Transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give an Example of a Transcription Factor

A

-TATA Box-promotor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does DNA polymerase do in Transcription?

A

-Unzips DNA double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Transcription Elongation?

A

Adding of more nucleotides to RNA strand being formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the name for the final stage of DNA Transcription?

A
  • Termination

- Release of finished RNA from cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two domains of Transcription Factors?

A
  • DNA Binding

- Transcriptional Activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Gene Expression?

A

-Conversion of DNA into a functional product.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a ‘Stressor?’

A
  • Responds to stimuli
  • Activates Transcription
  • Binds to Transcription factor (initiator) forms a protein
17
Q

What must be added to a Mature RNA strand?

A

-5’ end cap

18
Q

Where does Protein Synthesis occur in Prokaryotes?

A
  • Transcription- nucleus

- Translation-Nucleus (NOT move to Cytoplasm)

19
Q

What does Translation use for energy?

A

-ATP and GTP

20
Q

What does ‘Degenerate’ mean?

A

-Amino acid can be coded for by several codons

21
Q

What does ‘Unambiguous’ mean?

A

-Amino acid can ONLY be coded by one type of codon

22
Q

What is the function of the enzyme Aminocytl-tRNA Synthetases/tRNA Ligase in Translation?

A
  • Binds matching amino acid to anticodon of tRNA via covalent bond
  • Requires ATP
23
Q

What are the X3 binding sites of the Ribosome?

A
(EPA)
E-Exit
P- Peptidl
A-Aminoacyl 
Order A>P>E
24
Q

What is required for Translation to occur?

A

Translation Initiation Factors

-GTP

25
Q

What are Elongation Factors in Translation?

A
  • Extend peptide chain being formed
  • Moves ribosome along codons of mRNA
  • GTP required for (EFs)
26
Q

What is the function of the Peptidyl Transferase (enzyme) ?

A

-Forms peptide bonds between Amino Acids

27
Q

What happens in Termination of Translation?

A
  • Occurs when Stop Codon occurs in mRNA strand
  • Release Factor (RF) binds to Stop Codon
  • Finished protein cut and released from tRNA Molecules