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Anatomy Week 4 > Gluteal region and Posterior Thigh (Lect) > Flashcards

Gluteal region and Posterior Thigh (Lect) Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles act to stabilize the head of the femur in the acetabulum?

A

Superior and inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris, obturator internis

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2
Q

Where is the weak area for anterior dislocation?

A

between iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments

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3
Q

Where is the weak spot for posterior dislocation?

A

between iliofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments

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4
Q

What is the position of the leg if it has been posteriorly dislocated?

A

medially rotated

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5
Q

What is the orientation of the leg if it has undergone anterior dislocation?

A

laterally rotated

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6
Q

What is the primary opposing muscle to illiopsoas?

A

Gluteus maximus

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7
Q

T or F: the gluteus maximus helps keep tension in the iliotibial tract?

A

False, this is a major job of tensor fascia lata

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8
Q

What is illiotibial band syndrome?

A

Occurs when IT band is inflamed
Causes pain in lateral knee and hip
common in long-distance runners, bicyclists, and other athletes

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9
Q

Whose fibers can be seen deep to the gluteal aponeurosis?

A

gluteus medius

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10
Q

What is the job of the anterior fibers of gluteaus medius and minimus?

A

Medial rotation of femur

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11
Q

What is the name of the gait that accompanies the tendelenburg sign?

A

Duchenne Limp

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12
Q

Where do most of the lateral rotators insert?

A

on the medial aspect of the greater trochanter

except for quadratus femoris = quadrate tubercle

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13
Q

What muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Piriformis

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14
Q

What muscles passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Obturator internus

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15
Q

What passes through the greater sciatic notch?

A 
Superior Gluteal n. a. v. 
Pudendal n. and Internal pudendal a. v. 
Inferior gluteal n. a. v. 
Nerve to obturator internus, quatratus femoris, piriformis
Sciatic nerve

and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous N.

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16
Q

What goes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Pudendal Nerve (medial)
Internal Pudendal Vessels
Nerve to Obturator Internus (lateral)

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17
Q

What is the job of the structures that emerge superiorly from piriformis?

A

gluteus minimus and medius
Abduct
Weak Ext
Stabilization of Hip

Tensor fascia Lata
Abduct
Knee stabilization in ext.

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18
Q

Where do all the nerves in the gluteal region originate?

A

The sacral plexus and lumbosacral trunk

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19
Q

What cutaneous nerve emerges medially to the sciatic?

A

posterior femoral cutaneous n.

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20
Q

What nerve is directly deep to the sciatic?

A

N. to quadratus femoris

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21
Q

What nerves are at risk in gluteal injections?

A

sciatic nerve, inferior gluteal, inferior gluteal

22
Q

What deficits would result from damage to the sciatic N in a gluteal injection?

A

deficits in hip extension, leg flexion, and movements of the ankle and toes

23
Q

What deficits might result from damage to the inferior gluteal N?

A

deficits in hip extension, lateral rotation, loss of tension in iliotibial tract (reducing knee stability)

24
Q

What deficits might result from damage to the superior gluteal n.?

A

deficits in abduction, medial rotation of the hip, loss of stability of the pelvis when walking

25
Q

Where is the safe zone for gluteal injections?

A

upper lateral quadrant

26
Q

What is piriformis syndrome?

A

Presses the sciatic n. when it becomes inflammed as a result of a fall or be overworked through activity

27
Q

Where would pain be felt in piriformis syndrome?

A

in the butt at piriformis, and around the sciatic N.

28
Q

What is isthmic spondylolisthesis?

A

lamina (usually of L5) breaks and the vertebra slides forward pinching the L5 nerve

29
Q

What is a symptom of compression of the cauda equina via a ruptured disk?

A

pain emanating from parts of the bottock, thigh, leg, and foot served by the individual nerves involved

30
Q

What are the primary and secondary actions of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Knee Flexion

2. Hip Extension and rotation at the knee joint

31
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

biceps femoris
Semitendonosus
Semembranosus

32
Q

Where do the muscles of the posterior compartment originate?

A

ischial tuberosity except short head of biceps femoris

33
Q

What is the path of the blood supply to the posterior compartment?

A

Perforating arteries:

Femoral a. –> Deep Femoral a. —adductor_magnus–> Hamstrings

34
Q

What muscle acts in conjuction with semitendenosus and semimembranosus to medially rotate the tibia relative to femur?

A

popliteus

35
Q

What muscles rotate the leg laterally relative to the femur?

A

biceps femoris

36
Q

What motion indicates the locked extended position of the leg?

A

medial rotation of the femur on a fixed tibia

37
Q

What motion indicates the unlocked position of the knee?

A

lateral rotation of the femur relative to the tibia via the popliteus muscle

38
Q

What forms the superior border of the popliteal fossa?

A 
Biceps femoris (laterally)
Semimembranosus and semitendinosus (medially)
39
Q

What forms the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Lateral head of gastrocnemius (laterally)

Medial head of gastrocnemius (medially)

40
Q

What forms the roof of the popliteal fossa?

A

Skin and dense popliteal fascia

41
Q

What forms the floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

Mostly knee joint capsule and inferiorly the popliteus muscle

42
Q

What vein drains into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa?

A

Small saphenous

43
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve divide?

A

at the superior angle of the popliteal fossa

44
Q

What nerve does the common fibular nerve give rise to?

A

The lateral sural cutaneous n.

45
Q

What gives rise to the medial sural cutaneous n?

A

Tibial n.

46
Q

What is the orientation of the popliteal a. and v. in the popliteal fossa?

A

a. dorsal to v.

47
Q

What is used to bypass blockage in the femoral artery?

A

cruciate anastomosis

48
Q

What is peripheral artery disease (PAD)?

A

Blockages in arteries serving upper and lower extemities

49
Q

How do you test for PAD?

A

test BP in dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial a.

It should be the same or slightly higher than brachial BP

50
Q

If you test positive for PAD, where is the occlusion most likely occurring?

A

iliac, femoral, or popliteal arteries

51
Q

What are the typical symptoms of PAD?

A

cramping and pain in legs after walking

Anatomy Week 4 (17 decks)

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