Anterior and Middle Thigh (Lecture) Flashcards
In what direction do the upper and lower limbs rotate during development?
laterally and medially respectively
Inferiorly, the fascia lata is continuous with what?
cural fascia of the leg
What is the lateral thickening of the fascia lata called?
Iliotibial tract
What muscles have a conjoint aponeurosis that forms the tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus muscles?
Iliotibial tract
What specialized fascia overlies the origin of the gluteus medius muscle?
Gluteal aponeurosis
What role does the fascia lata play in making sure that blood from the legs is returned to the heart?
It prevents muscles from bulging outwards so that they squeeze the deep veins of the leg that are under the fascia to return blood to the heart
What is the role of perforating veins?
They connect the superficial an deep veins of the leg
Why are perforating veins important for getting blood back to the heart?
They move blood from superficial veins (great saphenous and lesser saphenous) into the deeper femoral vein which is under the fascia lata and is compressed by muscles moving the blood towards the heart
The great saphenous vein carries blood from __________ to ____________?
Dorsal venous arch on the foot to the femoral vein in the femoral triangle
What two veins join to create the great saphenous vein?
dorsal vein of the great toe and the dorsal veinous arch
What two structures merge to form the small saphenous vein?
dorsal vein on the small toe and the dorsal venous arch
What happens when perforating veins fail to shunt blood to the deep venous system?
Causes superficial veins to enlarge, making valves deficient
T or F: valves are more numerous in superficial veins than deep veins?
False
What causes varicose veins?
Valve deficiencies from enlarged veins allow the blood to flow backwards
What are the four compartments of the lower extremity?
anterior, posterior, medial, and gluteal compartments
In general what is the function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the knee?
Knee extension and hip flexion
In general what is the function of the muscles in the medial compartment of the knee?
adduction and medial rotation, some hip hip flexion
In general what is the function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the knee?
Flexion of the knee, extend hip, medial/lateral rotation
In general what is the function of the muscles in the gluteal compartment of the knee?
Extension of the hip and adbuction
What separates the vastus lateralis from the biceps femoris?
Lateral intermuscular septum
Where does the lateral intermuscular septum exten from and attach to?
from iliotibial tract to the lateral lip of the linea aspera
What lies between vastus medialis and the adductor group?
Medial intermuscular septum
Where does the medial intermuscular septum attach?
medial lip of the linea aspera
What is sandwiched by the adductor magnus and the semimembranosus muscle?
Posterior intermuscular septum
What innervates the muscles of the gluteal/lateral compartment?
direct branches of the lumbosacral plexus
What innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment?
femoral N (except psoas major)
What is the primary innervation of the medial compartment?
obturator N
What is/are the primary innervation of the posterior compartment?
tibial N, and common fibular N (components of sciatic N)
What innervates the iliopsoas muscle?
ventral rami L1-L3
Which heads of the quads cross the knew?
all 4
What is the major difference between sartorius and quardiceps?
sartorius acts in flexion of the knee.
What three muscles attach to the pes anserinus?
Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitenodinosus
What is the order of attachment from anterior to posterior of the muscles attached to the pes anserinus?
Sartorius, Gracilis, and semitendinosus
Does the common tendon of the iliopsoas muscles travel superficially or deep to the inguinal ligament?
Deep
What can a hypertrophied iliopsoas muscle impinge on?
femoral N and lateral femoral cutaneous N
What is the longest muscle in the human body?
Sartorius
What muscle is located deep to rector femoris?
vastus intermedius
What are the 6 muscles of the medial compartment?
pectineus, adductor longus, gracilis, adductor brevis, obturator externus, adductor magnus
What are the most superficial muscles of the medial compartment?
pectineus, adductor longus, gracilis
What are the deep muscles in the medial compartment?
Obturator extenus, adductor magnus
What is the intermediate muscle in the medial compartment?
adductor brevis
What two muscles of the medial compartment are not innervated by the obturator n?
pectineus (femoral n.)
Hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial n)
What muscles of the medial compartment cross the hip joint?
ALL
What muscles of the medial compartment cross the knee joint?
gracilis
What two muscles of the medial compartment are not medial rotators?
obturator extenus (lateral rotator) gracilis (negligable leverage)
What creates the boundaries of the adductor haitus?
adductor and hamstring parts of the adductor magnus
What goes through the adductor hiatus?
femoral vessels to enter popliteal fossa
The adductor brevis is sandwiched between what two nerves?
Anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator N.
What is the sensory branch of the femoral N?
saphenous N
What muscle is often pierced by the posterior division of the obturator N?
obturator extenus
T or F: the saphenous N. enters the skin at the proximal end of the adductor canal
False, enters at the distal end
What important structures are found in the femoral triangle (medial to lateral).
Empty space & Lymph Node (medial), Fem. Vein (middle comp), Fem. Artery (medial comp), femoral N.
Of the structures in the femoral triangle, which does not reside in the femoral sheath?
femoral N.
What kind of hernia occurs when bowels pass through the saphenous opening below the inguinal ligament?
femoral hernia
What is the lateral border of the adductor canal?
Vastus medialis muscle
What is the medial border of the adductor canal?
Adductor longus and adductor magnus
What is the roof of the adductor canal?
sartorius muscle
What is contained in the adductor canal?
femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve (cutaneous branch of femoral n.), nerve to vastus medialis (motor branch of femoral n.)
What happens to the fermoral artery and vein as they pass distally through the adductor hiatus?
they become popliteal vesses
Just superior to the adductor tubercle is the…
adductor hiatus
Where does the femoral artery give off the deep branch?
in the femoral triangle
What are the two important branches off of the deep femoral artery?
medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
What artery is found between the pectineus and iliopsoas?
medial circumflex artery
What two arteries supply blood to the medial compartment?
femoral artery and obturator artery
Where is the most common fracture in a femur?
along intertrochanteric line
Which of the circumflex arteries is most important for serving the head of the femur?
medial
When trying to stop bleeding where should you press to cut off blood supply to the femoral artery?
between ASIS and pubic tubercle, this presses the artery against the pubic ramus
What nerve gives cutaneous innervation to the lateral thigh?
Lateral femoral cutaneous N
What nerve gives cutaneous innervation to the medial thigh?
Cutaneous branches of the femoral N.
What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to an oval region on the medial aspect of the lower thigh?
Obturator N
What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial lower leg?
Saphenous N
What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral lower leg?
cutaneous branches of the tibial and common fibular N
What nerve can be injured during surgery or childbirth and also from tumors, pelvic fractures, and diabetes?
Obturator - specific to the first two
What vein runs medially on the anterior side of the leg?
great saphenous
T or F: the femor articulates with both the tibia and fibula
false - it only articulates with the tibia
What descends on the lateral margin of the lower limb from the tuberculum of the iliac crest to the bony attachment just below the knee?
Iltiotibial tract
What vein runs superficially medial/lateral on the posterior side of the leg?
small saphenous vein
What muscles are contained in the anterior compartment
sartorius, quads, terminal ends of psoas major and illiacus
What are the muscles of the medial compartment?
gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator externus
What nerve supplies most of the anterior compartment?
femoral
what nerve supplies most of the medial compartment?
obutrator
What muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the leg?
hamstrings
What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
scaitic n
What is the main function of muscles in the anterior compartment?
knee extensors and secondary hip flexors
What is the primary function of the medial compartment?
adduction and medial rotation