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Anatomy Week 4 > Anterior and Middle Thigh (Lecture) > Flashcards

Anterior and Middle Thigh (Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

In what direction do the upper and lower limbs rotate during development?

A

laterally and medially respectively

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2
Q

Inferiorly, the fascia lata is continuous with what?

A

cural fascia of the leg

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3
Q

What is the lateral thickening of the fascia lata called?

A

Iliotibial tract

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4
Q

What muscles have a conjoint aponeurosis that forms the tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus muscles?

A

Iliotibial tract

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5
Q

What specialized fascia overlies the origin of the gluteus medius muscle?

A

Gluteal aponeurosis

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6
Q

What role does the fascia lata play in making sure that blood from the legs is returned to the heart?

A

It prevents muscles from bulging outwards so that they squeeze the deep veins of the leg that are under the fascia to return blood to the heart

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7
Q

What is the role of perforating veins?

A

They connect the superficial an deep veins of the leg

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8
Q

Why are perforating veins important for getting blood back to the heart?

A

They move blood from superficial veins (great saphenous and lesser saphenous) into the deeper femoral vein which is under the fascia lata and is compressed by muscles moving the blood towards the heart

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9
Q

The great saphenous vein carries blood from __________ to ____________?

A

Dorsal venous arch on the foot to the femoral vein in the femoral triangle

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10
Q

What two veins join to create the great saphenous vein?

A

dorsal vein of the great toe and the dorsal veinous arch

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11
Q

What two structures merge to form the small saphenous vein?

A

dorsal vein on the small toe and the dorsal venous arch

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12
Q

What happens when perforating veins fail to shunt blood to the deep venous system?

A

Causes superficial veins to enlarge, making valves deficient

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13
Q

T or F: valves are more numerous in superficial veins than deep veins?

A

False

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14
Q

What causes varicose veins?

A

Valve deficiencies from enlarged veins allow the blood to flow backwards

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15
Q

What are the four compartments of the lower extremity?

A

anterior, posterior, medial, and gluteal compartments

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16
Q

In general what is the function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the knee?

A

Knee extension and hip flexion

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17
Q

In general what is the function of the muscles in the medial compartment of the knee?

A

adduction and medial rotation, some hip hip flexion

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18
Q

In general what is the function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the knee?

A

Flexion of the knee, extend hip, medial/lateral rotation

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19
Q

In general what is the function of the muscles in the gluteal compartment of the knee?

A

Extension of the hip and adbuction

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20
Q

What separates the vastus lateralis from the biceps femoris?

A

Lateral intermuscular septum

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21
Q

Where does the lateral intermuscular septum exten from and attach to?

A

from iliotibial tract to the lateral lip of the linea aspera

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22
Q

What lies between vastus medialis and the adductor group?

A

Medial intermuscular septum

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23
Q

Where does the medial intermuscular septum attach?

A

medial lip of the linea aspera

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24
Q

What is sandwiched by the adductor magnus and the semimembranosus muscle?

A

Posterior intermuscular septum

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25
Q

What innervates the muscles of the gluteal/lateral compartment?

A

direct branches of the lumbosacral plexus

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26
Q

What innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment?

A

femoral N (except psoas major)

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27
Q

What is the primary innervation of the medial compartment?

A

obturator N

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28
Q

What is/are the primary innervation of the posterior compartment?

A

tibial N, and common fibular N (components of sciatic N)

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29
Q

What innervates the iliopsoas muscle?

A

ventral rami L1-L3

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30
Q

Which heads of the quads cross the knew?

A

all 4

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31
Q

What is the major difference between sartorius and quardiceps?

A

sartorius acts in flexion of the knee.

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32
Q

What three muscles attach to the pes anserinus?

A

Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitenodinosus

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33
Q

What is the order of attachment from anterior to posterior of the muscles attached to the pes anserinus?

A

Sartorius, Gracilis, and semitendinosus

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34
Q

Does the common tendon of the iliopsoas muscles travel superficially or deep to the inguinal ligament?

A

Deep

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35
Q

What can a hypertrophied iliopsoas muscle impinge on?

A

femoral N and lateral femoral cutaneous N

36
Q

What is the longest muscle in the human body?

A

Sartorius

37
Q

What muscle is located deep to rector femoris?

A

vastus intermedius

38
Q

What are the 6 muscles of the medial compartment?

A

pectineus, adductor longus, gracilis, adductor brevis, obturator externus, adductor magnus

39
Q

What are the most superficial muscles of the medial compartment?

A

pectineus, adductor longus, gracilis

40
Q

What are the deep muscles in the medial compartment?

A

Obturator extenus, adductor magnus

41
Q

What is the intermediate muscle in the medial compartment?

A

adductor brevis

42
Q

What two muscles of the medial compartment are not innervated by the obturator n?

A

pectineus (femoral n.)

Hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial n)

43
Q

What muscles of the medial compartment cross the hip joint?

A

ALL

44
Q

What muscles of the medial compartment cross the knee joint?

A

gracilis

45
Q

What two muscles of the medial compartment are not medial rotators?

A 
obturator extenus (lateral rotator)
gracilis (negligable leverage)
46
Q

What creates the boundaries of the adductor haitus?

A

adductor and hamstring parts of the adductor magnus

47
Q

What goes through the adductor hiatus?

A

femoral vessels to enter popliteal fossa

48
Q

The adductor brevis is sandwiched between what two nerves?

A

Anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator N.

49
Q

What is the sensory branch of the femoral N?

A

saphenous N

50
Q

What muscle is often pierced by the posterior division of the obturator N?

A

obturator extenus

51
Q

T or F: the saphenous N. enters the skin at the proximal end of the adductor canal

A

False, enters at the distal end

52
Q

What important structures are found in the femoral triangle (medial to lateral).

A

Empty space & Lymph Node (medial), Fem. Vein (middle comp), Fem. Artery (medial comp), femoral N.

53
Q

Of the structures in the femoral triangle, which does not reside in the femoral sheath?

A

femoral N.

54
Q

What kind of hernia occurs when bowels pass through the saphenous opening below the inguinal ligament?

A

femoral hernia

55
Q

What is the lateral border of the adductor canal?

A

Vastus medialis muscle

56
Q

What is the medial border of the adductor canal?

A

Adductor longus and adductor magnus

57
Q

What is the roof of the adductor canal?

A

sartorius muscle

58
Q

What is contained in the adductor canal?

A

femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve (cutaneous branch of femoral n.), nerve to vastus medialis (motor branch of femoral n.)

59
Q

What happens to the fermoral artery and vein as they pass distally through the adductor hiatus?

A

they become popliteal vesses

60
Q

Just superior to the adductor tubercle is the…

A

adductor hiatus

61
Q

Where does the femoral artery give off the deep branch?

A

in the femoral triangle

62
Q

What are the two important branches off of the deep femoral artery?

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

63
Q

What artery is found between the pectineus and iliopsoas?

A

medial circumflex artery

64
Q

What two arteries supply blood to the medial compartment?

A

femoral artery and obturator artery

65
Q

Where is the most common fracture in a femur?

A

along intertrochanteric line

66
Q

Which of the circumflex arteries is most important for serving the head of the femur?

A

medial

67
Q

When trying to stop bleeding where should you press to cut off blood supply to the femoral artery?

A

between ASIS and pubic tubercle, this presses the artery against the pubic ramus

68
Q

What nerve gives cutaneous innervation to the lateral thigh?

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous N

69
Q

What nerve gives cutaneous innervation to the medial thigh?

A

Cutaneous branches of the femoral N.

70
Q

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to an oval region on the medial aspect of the lower thigh?

A

Obturator N

71
Q

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial lower leg?

A

Saphenous N

72
Q

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral lower leg?

A

cutaneous branches of the tibial and common fibular N

73
Q

What nerve can be injured during surgery or childbirth and also from tumors, pelvic fractures, and diabetes?

A

Obturator - specific to the first two

74
Q

What vein runs medially on the anterior side of the leg?

A

great saphenous

75
Q

T or F: the femor articulates with both the tibia and fibula

A

false - it only articulates with the tibia

76
Q

What descends on the lateral margin of the lower limb from the tuberculum of the iliac crest to the bony attachment just below the knee?

A

Iltiotibial tract

77
Q

What vein runs superficially medial/lateral on the posterior side of the leg?

A

small saphenous vein

78
Q

What muscles are contained in the anterior compartment

A

sartorius, quads, terminal ends of psoas major and illiacus

79
Q

What are the muscles of the medial compartment?

A

gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator externus

80
Q

What nerve supplies most of the anterior compartment?

A

femoral

81
Q

what nerve supplies most of the medial compartment?

A

obutrator

82
Q

What muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

hamstrings

83
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

scaitic n

84
Q

What is the main function of muscles in the anterior compartment?

A

knee extensors and secondary hip flexors

85
Q

What is the primary function of the medial compartment?

A

adduction and medial rotation

Anatomy Week 4 (17 decks)

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