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Geography B > Globalisation > Flashcards

Globalisation Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a disadvantage of Dang Thu Hoan’s work in Vietnam?

A

She is only payed US$ 8 a day for a 9 hour shif, six days a week.
She experiences lots of traffic getting work.

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1
Q

What is an advantage of Dang Thu Hoan’s working conditions

Where does she work?

A

Vietnam

She is payed double minimum wage. In Vietnam She works in one of the best factories for working conditions.

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2
Q

Where does liena work and what are some advantages of her work?

A

She works in Malawi on a small scale farm and produces some product to sell.
She has a hectare of land and is able to work close to home.

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3
Q

Shat are some disadvantages of lienas work in Malawi

A

She has little money to buy fertilisers
Tobacco is bad for your health
There is little profit
Hand tools-labour intensive

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4
Q

Why does Vietnam have a higher GDP than Malawi?

A

Because far more people in Vietnam work in large factories and big city’s whereas 85% of people in Malawi work on farms.
Goods produced by factories are secondary products and worth more than primary products produced by farms.

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5
Q

Why is Vietnam more industrialised than Malawi?

A

90% of people in Malawi work in agriculture whereas only 48% of people in Vietnam work in agriculture.

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6
Q

What 4 pieces of evidence show Vietnam is more industrialised than Malawi.

A

85% of people in Malawi work in agriculture.
48% of people in Vietnam work in agriculture
Raw materials have been turned into secondary goods,which means the values of GDP is higher in Vietnam
Whereas in Malawi the goods exported are raw materials.

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7
Q

What is a primary industry?

A

The extraction of raw materials from land or sea.

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8
Q

What is the secondary industry?

A

Manufacturing, converting raw materials into a finished product.

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9
Q

What is the tertiary industry?

A

Services, services range from distribution to education.

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10
Q

What is the name for the industry that provides information and expert help, creative knowledge based industry.

A

Quatenery

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11
Q

What is the trend of work over the different sectors in the Last 40 years? (UK)

A

There was an increase in services and a decrease in manufacturing and agriculture has only decreased a small amount.

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12
Q

What is the Clark and fisher model?

A

Clark and fisher produced a theory that helps to explain changes in employment structure over time in different countries.

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13
Q

What are the primary sectors in low, middle and high income countries?

A

Low income countries are dominated by the primary sector.
Middle - secondary
High - tertiary and quaternary

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14
Q

What are the names of the three stages the Clark and fisher model is split up into?

A

Pre-industrial
Industrial
Post-industrial

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15
Q

On the Clark and fisher model where does the primary employment peak?

A

Pre-industrial

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16
Q

On the Clark and fisher model what section would Vietnam fit into?

A

The middle - industrial

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17
Q

On the Clark and fisher model what countries would fit in the post-industrial sector?

A

The Uk and France

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18
Q

What is connectedness?

A

Expanding travel networks and communication technology to easily connect to manufacturers with oversea’s buyers.

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19
Q

In a globalised world how are products sold o boost a country’s GDP

A

Countries export oversea’s to boost their GDP’s

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20
Q

What factors have helped countries globalise.

A

National borders have become less important whereas trans-national countries have become more influential.

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21
Q

Name some major trade routes.

A 
China to USA 
Rio De Janeiro to the UK 
Australia to USA
Western Europe to the US
Hong Kong to San Francisco
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22
Q

How is globalisation defined?

A

The ways in which countries be one increasingly connected to each other.

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23
Q

How does globalisation happen?

A

Greater economic interdependence between countries - national borders have become less important.
An increasing volume and variety of trade in goods and services.
Easier international money flows to invest in other countries.
Increased spread of technology
Culture, where global media companies spread news, TV programmes film and music.

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24
Q

How doe the benefits of globalisation affect China.

A 
Reduction in poverty 
New jobs created
Creates spending
Money for services 
Reduction in poverty
China's economy grew
America and Europe invested in China, transporting info structure to Chinese cities.
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25
Q

How did the benefits of globalisation affect Europe?

A

Greater range of products
Cheaper goods
Removes boundaries
TNC’s are based in Eurpoe

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26
Q 
Which county benefited from globalisation with
Cheaper goods 
Cheaper manufacture (toys machinery)
TNC's are based there
Removes barriers
A

America, is also true for some of Europe.

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27
Q

How have aircrafts lowered transport costs and increased the rate of globalisation?

A

0.2 % of goods are transported by air, 15% value

Jet engines are more fuel efficient

28
Q

How has transport become cheaper, increasing the rate of globalisation?

A

Because the ships are bigger
Small crew on board ships
New large ships have a higher fuel economy than older small ships.

29
Q

Name a big factor in lowering transport costs.

A

Containerisation
Easy to transport
Have bar codes to tell machines where to put the container

30
Q

What is the word to describe two companies combining for example Nokia and Microsoft.

A

Merger

31
Q

What is growth?

A

The sales of additional popular products.

32
Q

What is state led investment?

A

When the country invests in state owned companies.

For example China’s banks invest in state owned companies.

33
Q

How do TNC’s lead to greater global trade between countries?

A

Transportation of good produced by TNC’s
Ships larger and more efficient allowing transport prices to fall
Cheap labour means cheap products
Containerisation

34
Q

How does debt in Greece cause international banks to want their money back?

A

Less spending on pensions and health care makes government employee’s redundant.
Unemployed means people have less money to spend and companies become bankrupt.
International banks want their money back from investment.

35
Q

How could Greece going bankrupt affect 70% of trade to the UK?

A

If Greece went bankrupt, countries such as Spain could collapse
The EU may crash
This will affect trade to the UK

36
Q

What is the IMF?

A

The international mortars fund is based in the US. It raises funds from richer companies to aid unstable poorer countries in the same way as Robin Hood.

37
Q

How does the IMF do its work?

A

They stop existing crises
Spot potential future crises
Check investment
Reduce globe poverty

38
Q

What are the advantages of cutting tariffs for letting trade into the EU?

A

Cheaper goods for consumers
People will buy more
Trade will increase

39
Q

What are the disadvantages of cutting tariffs for letting trade into the EU?

A

Some countries may find that their own producers loose out to cheaper overseas competition.

40
Q

Explain a example of a disadvantage for cutting tariffs for letting trade into the EU?

A

Large US-owned banana plantations can profuse bananas’ cheaper than small farmers in west India.to protect West Indian farmers the EU charges €140 per tonne of bananas imported from America. By cutting tariffs West Indian farmers will suffer.

41
Q

What does IMF say to justify the money of richer countries being spent?

A

By helping poorer countries, these countries will have more to spend and everyone will gain through trade.

42
Q

Give an example of how IMF may cause global benefit?

A

IMF may recover Greece and help it deal with its debts, this will help the EU stay stable therefore helping connections between the EU countries.

43
Q

What have people in Leeds gained from globalisation (work)

A

finance jobs, engineering and other similar tertiary and quaternary jobs.

44
Q

What have people in Leeds list from globalisation?

A

Primary jobs in mining

45
Q

What have men gained from globalisation in Bangladesh?

A

Jobs in transport, distribution and retailing.

46
Q

What have women gained from globalisation in Bangladesh?

A

Children work at age 14 helping families

Jobs in textiles

47
Q

What have men lost from globalisation in Bangladesh?

A

Average person lives on 1 US$ a day.

48
Q

What have women lost from globalisation in Bangladesh?

A

Few jobs in textiles are skilled.

Children can work from 14 full time.

49
Q

How have younger people in developed and developing countries been affected by globalisation?

A

Younger people are benefitted by globalisation in Leeds as there are far less primary jobs and more jobs in engineering and tertiary and quaternary jobs. However in poorer countries people can work long hours from the age of 14.

50
Q

How have women been affected by globalisation in developed and developing countries.

A

Women work in big textiles factories in Bangladesh however in Leeds they have equal rights to men.

51
Q

How have older people in developing countries been affected by globalisation?

A

Older people have little benefits and they have often been discriminated against, for example not being able to work in many places and loosing family values in the rural areas.

52
Q

What type of countries do men have better paid jobs than women due to globalisation?

A

In developing countries men are affected with better paid jobs than women, such as retailing.

53
Q

Name some countries in which BT has offices.

A

India and Japan
Europe and the Americas
Middle East and Africa

54
Q

Why does BT outsource?

A

BT outsources oversea because well educated people are willing to work in call centres/factories for low wages which maximises profits.

55
Q

Why can outsourcing be risky?

A

As companies can loose a British identity. Also country’s currency may change making it less cost effective to work abroad.

56
Q

Why would a country want to attract TNC’s?

A

Countries such as Vietnam would want to attract TNC’s like Nike because the offer work to citizens giving them a disposable income.

57
Q

Would people’s ethics effect their buying of TNC products like NIke?

A

Partially your opinion but on the whole

Campaigns against Nike’s working conditions would only partially stop buying habits as people like Nike products and often believe countries are benefiting from outsourcing.

58
Q

What type of countries would Nike outsource to?

A

Counties with cheap labour and a low currency.

59
Q

Why might BT outsource to countries such as India, Europe and the Americas,

A

To allow call centres to work around the clock.

60
Q

Why would BT want to outsource to India to employ people in call centres alongside cheaper work rates?

A

A good education in India allows workers in call centres to have educated with customers in the UK.

61
Q

Does Apple outsource? And why.

A

Apples headquarters are in California however they outsource to China for cheaper production.

62
Q

Explain how the growth of the secondary sector employment in developing countries can bring both be benefits and problems.

A

Jobs lead to increased income and spending.

Jobs are low paid and long hours.

63
Q

What is the shipping coast of a pair of Nike trainers from India to the Uk

A

Around 50p outweighing the difference in production costs.

64
Q

How does the internet affect globalisation?

A

More consumers use the Internet to buy goods and import that they may not have been able to before.

65
Q

What is outsourcing?

A

When a TNC sends it services to another country.

66
Q

What is conglomeration?

A

When a company buys similar companies; for example River Island and Top Man are owned by the same person.

67
Q

What is consolidation?

A

When two companies combine for example Nokia and Microsoft.

68
Q

Where does tertiary employment peak on the Clark and Fisher Model?

A

At the start of the post industrial section.

Geography B (12 decks)

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