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PPP > Glaucoma and Dry Eyes Disease > Flashcards

Glaucoma and Dry Eyes Disease Flashcards

1
Q

IOP of OAG

A

more than 21 mm Hg

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2
Q

IOP of ACG

A

40-90 mm Hg

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3
Q

Which is more severe?

A

Angle-closure glaucoma

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4
Q

Risk factors for glaucoma

A
  • elevated IOP
  • age
  • female (for ACG)
  • family history
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5
Q

goals of therapy

A
  • maintain visual function

- lower IOP below 21

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6
Q

Medications for both OAG and ACG

A
  • beta blockers
  • prostaglandin analogues
  • alpha2 agonist
  • topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  • systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
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7
Q

Medications for ACG only

A

Parasympathomimetics

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8
Q

Beta-blockers Drugs

A

timolol

betaxolol

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9
Q

Prostaglandin Analogues drugs

A

latanoprost

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10
Q

Alpha2 agonist drugs

A

brimonidine

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11
Q

Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors drugs

A

dorzolamide

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12
Q

Systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors drugs

A

acetazolamide

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13
Q

parasympathomimetics drugs

A

pilocarpine

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14
Q

Timolol dosing

A

(0.05%) instill one gtt into affected eyes BD

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15
Q

Side effects of Timolol

A

burning sensation of eyes

stinging of eyes

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16
Q

contraindication of timolol

A
  • bradycardia
  • heart block
  • asthma
  • obstructive airway disease
  • precaution is diabetes and hyperthyroidism
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17
Q

counselling points for timolol

A
  • do not stop applying

- may cause local irritation that may go away after some time

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18
Q

dosing for betaxolol

A

(0.25%) instill 1 gtt on affected eye BD

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19
Q

side effects of betaxolol

A

stinging

local discomfort upon application

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20
Q

containdication of betaxolol

A
  • bradycardia
  • heart block
  • asthma
  • obstructive airway disease
  • precaution is diabetes and hyperthyroidism
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21
Q

counselling points for betaxolol

A
  • do not stop applying

- may cause local irritation that may go away after some time

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22
Q

dosing for latanoprost

A

(0.005%) instill 1 gtt on affected eyes OD

23
Q

Side effects of latanoprost

A 
eye pain, 
stinging of eyes, 
eye redness, 
blurred vision, 
iris hyperpigmentation, 
peri-orbital rash
24
Q

contraindication for latanoprost

A
  • active intraocular inflammation

- pregnancy

25
Counselling points for latanoprost
- do not stop applying - might have blurred vision, do not drive and operate machines - instill in the evening for optimal effect - refrigerate if unopened and keep in room temp once open for up to 4 weeks - avoid contact of eye drop with skin
26
Side effects of Brimonidine
- burning and stinging of eyes | - drowsines
27
Contraindications for Brimonidine
- patients receiving monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor therapy
28
counselling points for Brimonidine
- do not stop applying - cause some local irritation - may cause drowsiness, do not drive/operate machines
29
Dosing for Brinzolamide
(1%) 1 gtt BD - TDS
30
Side effects of Brinzolamide
blurred vision | eye discomfort
31
contraindication of brinzolamide
hypersensitivity to sulfonamides
32
counselling points for brinzolamide
do not stop applying | may cause blurred vision, do not drive/operate machines
33
Dosing for dorzolamide
(1%) 1 gtt TDS, | combined with beta-blocker, BD
34
side effects of dorzolamide
burning sensation to eyes, blurred vision
35
contraindication of dorzolamide
hypersensitivity to sulfonamides
36
counselling points for dorzolamide
do not stop applying | may cause blurred vision, do not drive/operate machines
37
Indication of Acetazolamide
Use for OAG when all other treatments failed. and ACG emergencies
38
Dosing for acetazolamide
PO 125mg BD initially increasing to 250mg QDS
39
side effects of acetazolamide
``` paresthesia dizziness drowsiness bitter or metallic taste nausea and vomitting ```
40
contraindication of acetazolamide
hypersensitivity of sulfonamides precaution: gout
41
Counselling points for acetazolamide
- may take with food - may cause dizziness, do not drive/operate machines - try not to take the dose after 5pm to prevent frequent urination
42
Dosing for pilocarpine
1 gtt TDS - QDS
43
Counselling points of pilocarpine
- do not stop applying - may cause blurred vision, do not drive/operate machines - if there is more than 1 eye drops, instill pilocarpine last
44
side effects of pilocarpine
blurred vision | frontal headache/brow ache
45
First-line therapy for glaucoma
beta-blockers or prostaglandin analogues
46
Alternative first-line therapy is used when
first-line therapy did not achieve therapeutic goal
47
Alternative first-line therapy for glaucoma
alpha2-agonist or topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
48
Second line therapy (1st option)
Timolol + dorzolamide brimonidine latanoprost
49
Second line therapy (2nd option)
add on a second agent: everything except Acetazolamide
50
Signs and symptoms of dry eyes
- sensitivity to light - stinging/burning/scratchy sensation - eye fatigue - eye redness - sensation of having smth in eyes
51
Eye drops
- sodium chloride eye drops - tears naturale II - refresh tears - thera tears
52
Eye Gel
- refresh liquigel - genteal gel - vidisic gel
53
ointment
duratears lubricant ointment

PPP (14 decks)

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