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PPP > Glaucoma and Dry Eyes Disease > Flashcards

Glaucoma and Dry Eyes Disease Flashcards

1
Q

IOP of OAG

A

more than 21 mm Hg

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2
Q

IOP of ACG

A

40-90 mm Hg

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3
Q

Which is more severe?

A

Angle-closure glaucoma

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4
Q

Risk factors for glaucoma

A
  • elevated IOP
  • age
  • female (for ACG)
  • family history
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5
Q

goals of therapy

A
  • maintain visual function

- lower IOP below 21

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6
Q

Medications for both OAG and ACG

A
  • beta blockers
  • prostaglandin analogues
  • alpha2 agonist
  • topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  • systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
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7
Q

Medications for ACG only

A

Parasympathomimetics

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8
Q

Beta-blockers Drugs

A

timolol

betaxolol

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9
Q

Prostaglandin Analogues drugs

A

latanoprost

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10
Q

Alpha2 agonist drugs

A

brimonidine

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11
Q

Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors drugs

A

dorzolamide

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12
Q

Systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors drugs

A

acetazolamide

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13
Q

parasympathomimetics drugs

A

pilocarpine

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14
Q

Timolol dosing

A

(0.05%) instill one gtt into affected eyes BD

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15
Q

Side effects of Timolol

A

burning sensation of eyes

stinging of eyes

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16
Q

contraindication of timolol

A
  • bradycardia
  • heart block
  • asthma
  • obstructive airway disease
  • precaution is diabetes and hyperthyroidism
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17
Q

counselling points for timolol

A
  • do not stop applying

- may cause local irritation that may go away after some time

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18
Q

dosing for betaxolol

A

(0.25%) instill 1 gtt on affected eye BD

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19
Q

side effects of betaxolol

A

stinging

local discomfort upon application

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20
Q

containdication of betaxolol

A
  • bradycardia
  • heart block
  • asthma
  • obstructive airway disease
  • precaution is diabetes and hyperthyroidism
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21
Q

counselling points for betaxolol

A
  • do not stop applying

- may cause local irritation that may go away after some time

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22
Q

dosing for latanoprost

A

(0.005%) instill 1 gtt on affected eyes OD

23
Q

Side effects of latanoprost

A 
eye pain, 
stinging of eyes, 
eye redness, 
blurred vision, 
iris hyperpigmentation, 
peri-orbital rash
24
Q

contraindication for latanoprost

A
  • active intraocular inflammation

- pregnancy

25
Q

Counselling points for latanoprost

A
  • do not stop applying
  • might have blurred vision, do not drive and operate machines
  • instill in the evening for optimal effect
  • refrigerate if unopened and keep in room temp once open for up to 4 weeks
  • avoid contact of eye drop with skin
26
Q

Side effects of Brimonidine

A
  • burning and stinging of eyes

- drowsines

27
Q

Contraindications for Brimonidine

A
  • patients receiving monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor therapy
28
Q

counselling points for Brimonidine

A
  • do not stop applying
  • cause some local irritation
  • may cause drowsiness, do not drive/operate machines
29
Q

Dosing for Brinzolamide

A

(1%) 1 gtt BD - TDS

30
Q

Side effects of Brinzolamide

A

blurred vision

eye discomfort

31
Q

contraindication of brinzolamide

A

hypersensitivity to sulfonamides

32
Q

counselling points for brinzolamide

A

do not stop applying

may cause blurred vision, do not drive/operate machines

33
Q

Dosing for dorzolamide

A

(1%) 1 gtt TDS,

combined with beta-blocker, BD

34
Q

side effects of dorzolamide

A

burning sensation to eyes, blurred vision

35
Q

contraindication of dorzolamide

A

hypersensitivity to sulfonamides

36
Q

counselling points for dorzolamide

A

do not stop applying

may cause blurred vision, do not drive/operate machines

37
Q

Indication of Acetazolamide

A

Use for OAG when all other treatments failed.

and ACG emergencies

38
Q

Dosing for acetazolamide

A

PO 125mg BD initially increasing to 250mg QDS

39
Q

side effects of acetazolamide

A 
paresthesia
dizziness
drowsiness
bitter or metallic taste
nausea and vomitting
40
Q

contraindication of acetazolamide

A

hypersensitivity of sulfonamides

precaution: gout

41
Q

Counselling points for acetazolamide

A
  • may take with food
  • may cause dizziness, do not drive/operate machines
  • try not to take the dose after 5pm to prevent frequent urination
42
Q

Dosing for pilocarpine

A

1 gtt TDS - QDS

43
Q

Counselling points of pilocarpine

A
  • do not stop applying
  • may cause blurred vision, do not drive/operate machines
  • if there is more than 1 eye drops, instill pilocarpine last
44
Q

side effects of pilocarpine

A

blurred vision

frontal headache/brow ache

45
Q

First-line therapy for glaucoma

A

beta-blockers or prostaglandin analogues

46
Q

Alternative first-line therapy is used when

A

first-line therapy did not achieve therapeutic goal

47
Q

Alternative first-line therapy for glaucoma

A

alpha2-agonist or topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

48
Q

Second line therapy (1st option)

A

Timolol +

dorzolamide
brimonidine
latanoprost

49
Q

Second line therapy (2nd option)

A

add on a second agent:

everything except Acetazolamide

50
Q

Signs and symptoms of dry eyes

A
  • sensitivity to light
  • stinging/burning/scratchy sensation
  • eye fatigue
  • eye redness
  • sensation of having smth in eyes
51
Q

Eye drops

A
  • sodium chloride eye drops
  • tears naturale II
  • refresh tears
  • thera tears
52
Q

Eye Gel

A
  • refresh liquigel
  • genteal gel
  • vidisic gel
53
Q

ointment

A

duratears lubricant ointment

PPP (14 decks)

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