Diarrhoea

Question 1

Anti-motility Drugs MOA

Answer 1

relaxes the smooth muscles in the intestinal wall increasing the transit time for water absorption

Question 2

Anti-motility Drugs

Answer 2

• loperamide

- co-phenotrope (dhamotil)

Question 3

Absorbents MOA

Answer 3

adsorb viruses and bacterial toxins that is irritating the intestinal wall

Question 4

Adsorbents Drugs

Answer 4

• activated charcoal

- kaolin

Question 5

Side effects of Loperamide and co-phenotrope

Answer 5

• constipation
• nausea and vomiting
• bloating

Question 6

Counselling points for Loperamide

Answer 6

stop taking once diarrhea has stopped

Question 7

Contraindication for Loperamide

Answer 7

children less than 2 years old

Question 8

Dosing for Loperamide

Answer 8

4mg initially followed by 2mg after every loose stool

Question 9

Dosing for co-phenotrope

Answer 9

4mg or 2 tabs QDS max 20mg a day

Question 10

Counselling points for co-phenotrope

Answer 10

1. stop taking once diarrhea stops

2. drug may cause dizziness and drowsiness. Do not drive or operate machinery

Question 11

Dosing for activated charcoal

Answer 11

PO 3-4 capsules TDS

Question 12

Side effects of activated charcoal

Answer 12

black stools

Question 13

Contraindication for activated charcoal

Answer 13

children less than 1 year

Question 14

Counselling points for activated charcoal

Answer 14

space 2 hours apart from other medications

Question 15

side effects of kaolin

Answer 15

may cause electrolyte imbalance

Question 16

counselling points for kaolin

Answer 16

space 2 hours apart from other medicine

Question 17

Probiotics MOA

Answer 17

Restores essential bacteria in digestive tract and help limit the growth of gastroenteritis-causing microorganisms

Question 18

Probiotics drug

Answer 18

Lacteol fort

Question 19

dosing for Lacteol fort

Answer 19

Children:
2 sachets

Adults:
4 sachets

Question 20

Side effects for Lacteol fort

Answer 20

no side effects, makes it suitable for everyone

Question 21

Special counselling points

Answer 21

granules may be added to meals/drinks

Question 22

Electrolytes drug

Answer 22

oral rehydration salts

Question 23

oral rehydration salt dosing

Answer 23

200-400 ml after every loose stool

Question 24

Side effects for oral rehydration salt

Answer 24

no side effects, suitable for everyone

Question 25

Contraindication for oral rehydration salts

Answer 25

severe dehydration

Question 26

Special counselling points for oral rehydration salts

Answer 26

• oral powder to be freshly mixed with boiled and cool water

- unused solutions should be discarded

Question 27

Anti-spasmodic agents MOA

Answer 27

• reduces the involuntary movement of the smooth muscles in gastrointestinal tract, reducing cramping

Question 28

Anti-spasmodic agent drugs

Answer 28

1. hyoscine Butylbromide (buscopan)

2. mebeverine

Question 29

dosing for hyoscine butylbromide (buscopan)

Answer 29

10-30mg 3-5 times a day

Question 30

side effects for hyoscine butylbromide

Answer 30

dry mouth and urinary retention

Question 31

counselling points for hyoscine butylbromide

Answer 31

should not be taken on a continuous daily basis or for extended periods without investigating the cause of abdominal pain

Question 32

side effects of mebeverine

Answer 32

dyspepsia, anorexia, constipation