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PPP > Constipation > Flashcards

Constipation Flashcards

1
Q

Bulk laxatives MOA

A

fibre replacement. They swell in the fluids by attracting water and form gels that promote healthy bowel movements.

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2
Q

Bulk laxative drugs

A

ispaghula husk (fybogel)

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3
Q

Dosing for ispaghula husk

A

1 sachet BD

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4
Q

side effects of ispaghula husk

A

abdominal cramps, constipation

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5
Q

counselling points for ispaghula husk

A
  1. do not leave it to stand as it will solidify
  2. should not be taken before going to bed
  3. space apart 2 hours from other medications
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6
Q

onset of action of ispaghula husk

A

12-72 hours

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7
Q

Osmotic laxative drugs

A
  • lactulose

- phospho-soda oral solution

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8
Q

osmotic laxative MOA

A

draws water into colon causing distention and increasing motility

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9
Q

Dosing for phospho-soda oral solution

A

PO 20ml OD dilute with 1/2 glass cold water then 1 full glass of cold water

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10
Q

side effects of phospho-soda oral solution

A
  • abdominal pain

- diarrhoea

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11
Q

contraindications of phospho-soda oral solution

A
  • renal problems

- heart failure

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12
Q

counselling points for phospho-soda oral solution

A
  • take 30min before meal or bedtime
  • drink enough water
  • if nothing happens 6 hours after 1st dose, take another dose
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13
Q

onset of action of phospho-soda oral solution

A

30min to 3 hours

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14
Q

Lactulose dosing

A

PO 15ml BD can increase to 30ml

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15
Q

side effects of lactulose

A

abdominal cramps, flatulence, nausea and vomitting

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16
Q

contraindication of lactulose

A

patients requiring low galactose diet

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17
Q

counselling points for lactulose

A
  • take with meals to reduce GI discomfort
  • mix with juice, water, milk
  • drink plenty of water
  • suitable for diabetics
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18
Q

onset of action of lactulose

A

24-48 hours

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19
Q

Enema MOA

A

increases bulk volume and water content of stools

20
Q

Enema drugs

A

fleet enemas

21
Q

dosing for fleet enemas

A

PR 1 bottle

22
Q

side effects of fleet enema

A

abdominal cramps, local irritation

23
Q

contraindication of fleet enema

A
  • severe kidney disease
24
Q

counselling points for fleet enema

A
  1. counsel patient on how to administer enema

2. not for frequent use as it can cause trauma to rectum

25
Q

onset of action for fleet enema

A

2-5mins

26
Q

Lubricant laxatives Drug

A

liquid paraffin

27
Q

Liquid paraffin MOA

A

softens the faecal contents by coating them and preventing colonic absorption of water

28
Q

dosing of liquid paraffin

A

PO 10-30ml at night or when required

29
Q

side effects of liquid paraffin

A
  • abdominal cramp
  • diarrhoea
  • nausea and vomitting
  • anal seepage of liquid paraffin
30
Q

contraindication for liquid paraffin

A
  • pregnancy
  • children less than 6
  • bedridden patients
  • elderly
  • patients who cannot swallow
31
Q

counselling points for liquid paraffin

A
  • do not use for more than 1 week
  • do not administer with food or meals
  • prolonged administration can lead to decrease absorption of lipid-soluble vitamins (ADEK)
32
Q

onset of action of liquid paraffin

A

6-8 hours

33
Q

stimulant laxatives drugs

A
  • bisacodyl

- senna/sennosides

34
Q

Biscodyl MOA

A
  • produces contraction of the entire colon
35
Q

Senna/sennosides MOA

A

stimulates colonic motility

36
Q

Dosing for bisacodyl

A

5-15mg at night for tablets

PR 10mg at night or suppository

37
Q

side effects of bisacodyl

A

abdominal cramps

38
Q

contraindications for bisacodyl

A

intestinal obstruction

39
Q

Counselling points for bisacodyl

A
  • swallow tablet whole do not crush
  • do not administer within an hour of antacids or dairy products
  • should not be used for more than 1 week
  • counsel on administration of suppository
40
Q

Onset of action for bisacodyl

A

tabs:
6-12 hours
suppository:
15-60mins

41
Q

Dosing for senna/sennosides

A

PO 2 tablets at night

42
Q

side effects for senna/sennosides

A

abdominal cramps

43
Q

Counselling points for senna/sennosides

A
  • taken with or without food
  • administer 2 hours before or after other meds
  • urine may discolor to red or yellowish brown
  • should not be used for more than a week
44
Q

onset of action for senna/sennosides

A

6-12 hours

45
Q

which drug has the fastest onset of action?

A

phospho-soda oral solution with the onset of action of 30min - 3 hrs

PPP (14 decks)

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