Glaucoma

Question 1

define glaucoma

Answer 1

a group of condition where the optic nerve is damaged

Question 2

what is open angle glaucoma

Answer 2

increasing resistance in the trabeculae meshwork
decreased drainage of the aqueous humour
increases pressure

Question 3

risk factors for open angle glaucoma

Answer 3

increasing age
FHx
black ethnicity
Near sightedness

Question 4

presentation of open angle glaucoma

Answer 4

often asymptomatic
loss of peripheral vision
fluctuating headaches, pain, blurred vision and halos

Question 5

diagnosis of open angle glaucoma

Answer 5

Goldman applanation tonometry
fundoscopy and visual field assessment

Question 6

normal intraocular pressure

Answer 6

10-21mmHg

Question 7

first line management for open angle glaucoma

Answer 7

prostaglandin analogue (latanoprost)
increases uveoscleral outflow

Question 8

second line management for open angle glaucoma

Answer 8

Beta blocker: Timolol
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

both decrease aqueous humour production

Question 9

last line surgical management for open angle glaucoma

Answer 9

trabeculectomy
channel from anterior chambre through sclera
leaves bleb and has risk of infection

Question 10

what is acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 10

iris bulges forwards and seals off trabecular meshwork

Question 11

risk factors for acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 11

increasing age
F>M
FHx
long sightedness

anticholinergics
adrenergic
tricyclic anti depressants

Question 12

presentation of acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 12

painful red eye
n&v
blurred vision
hazy cornea
dilated, fixed, oval pupil

Question 13

initial management for acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 13

lie flat
pilocarpine eye drops (pupillary constrictiton to increase drainage)
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drops

Question 14

surgical intervention for acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 14

laser iridotomy