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AGRC1041 > gland secretions > Flashcards

gland secretions Flashcards

1
Q

Secretion involves 3 distinct cellular activities:

A
  • uptake of simple materials from the extracellular fluid
  • processing of these within the cell: produce a more complex product
  • release, or transport, of these products
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2
Q

what is excretion

A

which is the removal of waste products

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3
Q

can all cells secrete

A

yes

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4
Q

two functional types of glands

A
  • Exocrine: release secretory products onto surface epithelium via
    a duct
  • eg sweat glands, salivary glands
  • Endocrine: no duct connecting secretory portion to surface epithelium, secrete products directly into blood or lymph (hormones)
  • eg pancreas, thyroid gland
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5
Q

what forms multicellular exocrine and endocrine galnds

A

epithelial sheets

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6
Q

3 modes of secretion in exocrine glands

A
  • Merocrine (eccrine)
  • Apocrine
  • Holocrine
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7
Q

merocrine (eccrine) secretion
(exocrine)

A
  • vesicles are released via exocytosis when the vesicle
    membranes fuse with the cell membrane
  • most common form of secretion
  • e.g. some sweat glands, salivary glands
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8
Q

what is the most common form of secretion

A

Merocrine (eccrine)

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9
Q

Apocrine secretion

(exocrine)

A
  • secretory vesicles accumulate at the apical portion of cell
  • mass of cytoplasm and vesicles is then pinched off
  • e.g. mammary gland, some sweat glands
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10
Q

holocrine secretion

(exocrine)

A
  • secretory products accumulate and the cell ruptures
  • death of cell
  • e.g. sebaceous glands
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11
Q

A further classification of glands is based on structure:

A

unicellular and multicellular

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12
Q

unicellular glandular structure

A
  • goblet cells of digestive & respiratory tracts
  • the only type of unicellular gland
  • secrete mucin –> mucous
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13
Q

most glands are multi or uni cellular

A

multicellular

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14
Q

goblet cells are found where

A

amongst columnar cells of epithelium
* digestive tract
* respiratory tract

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15
Q

in goblet cells there is Expanded apical portion (theca) contains

A

mucigen droplets

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16
Q

in goblet cells mucigen released by ____ secretion

A

merocrine

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17
Q

what makes up mucous

A

mucigen + H2O

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18
Q

describe nucleus in goblet cells

A

basal nucleus

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19
Q

describe cytoplasm in goblet cells

A
  • Basophilic cytoplasm
  • rER & free ribosomes
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20
Q

Multicellular Exocrine Glands: Secretions discharged onto epithelial surface via

A

ducts

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21
Q

Multicellular Exocrine Glands: * The deeper cells within the connective tissue are

A

secretory

*However, cells lining the duct may also produce secretion

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22
Q

Multicellular Exocrine Glands: how is secretion discharged

A

Secretion is discharged from the cell surface into the duct, and then to the epithelial surface

23
Q

what are the 2 classifications of Multicellular Exocrine Glands based on their morphology

A
  • duct system
  • secretory end-pieces
24
Q

the 3 types of duct system

(multicellular exocrine glands)

A
  • Simple; single, unbranched duct (may be coiled)
  • Simple branched; two or more secretory areas empty into a common duct
  • Compound; branched duct system
25
Q

3 types of secretory end pieces

(multicellular exocrine glands)

A
  • Tubular
  • Alveolar (acinar): rounded cluster of cells
  • Tubuloalveolar: tubular region ending in a rounded alveolus
26
Q

what kind of glands are intestinal glands

A

simple tubular

27
Q

what kind of glands are stomach (gastric) glands

A

simple branched tubular

28
Q

what kind of glands are sebaceous glands

A

simple branched alveolar

29
Q

what kind of glands are duodenal glands

A

compound tubular

30
Q

what kind of glands are mammary glands

A

compound alveolar

31
Q

what kind of glands are salivary glands

A

compound tubuloalveolar

32
Q

in compound glands: secretory portions form ____ which may cluster into _____ separated by collagenous connective tissue

A

lobules
lobes

33
Q

for compound glands: Nerves, blood and lymph vessels enter via

A

connective tissue septae

34
Q

Duct system begins within the lobules as ______ –> ______ –> ______ –> ______

A

intercalated ducts →
intralobular (striated) duct →
intralobar duct →
excretory duct

35
Q

compound glands:

intercalated ducts →
intralobular (striated) duct→
intralobar duct →
excretory duct

out of these which may modify the secretion

A

intralobular ducts

36
Q

what kind of ducts are exocrine pancreas glands

A

compound alveolar

37
Q

Mucous glands

A
  • mucin
  • thick, sticky, glycoprotein
38
Q

serous glands

A
  • watery
  • enzymes
39
Q

mixed glands

A
  • contain more than one cell type
  • produce both mucous & serous secretions
40
Q

most glands secrete how often

A

at a low level continuously

41
Q

rate of secretion can be modulated by what

A

hormones, autonomic innervation or a combination of both

42
Q

In glands with alveoli _____ contract to squeeze secretion into the ducts

A

contractile myoepithelial cells

43
Q

in endocrine glands Connection with surface epithelium

A

is lost

44
Q

where do endocrine glands secrete their products

A

Secrete products directly into blood or lymph

transported throughout the body to target organ or tissue

45
Q

are endocrine glands vascularized

A

yes, Well vascularised

46
Q

endocrine secretions are

A

hormones such as
* proteins
* steroids

47
Q

endocrine glands are adapted for

A

storing and releasing products as required

48
Q

storage in endocrine glands is usually

A

intracellular

*however, in thyroid stored in extracellular follicles

49
Q

what kind of secretion do endocrines usually have

A

merocrine secretion

50
Q

endocrine glands often form

A

cords or clumps

51
Q

pancreas glands

A

exocrine and endocrine glands

52
Q

islets of langerhands

A

endocrine glands in pancreas

53
Q

in thyroid endocrine cells are arranged

A

into follicles surrounding a
mass of secretory product (colloid; thyroglobulin)

AGRC1041 (20 decks)

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