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AGRC1041 > body fluid homeostasis > Flashcards

body fluid homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

ICF

A

intracellular fluid; fluid within all cells

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2
Q

ECF:

A
  • extracellular fluid, fluid outside of cells
  • made up of plasma and interstitial fluid
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3
Q

2 components of ECF

A
  • plasma, also known as intravascular fluid
  • interstitial fluid, which is found in the interstitial space located between cells and tissues.
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4
Q

Lymph, synovial, intestinal, biliary, hepatic, pancreatic, CSF, sweat, urine, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, and intraocular fluids are all

A

ECF

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5
Q

___% of body is water

A

60

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6
Q

intracellular fluid is ___% of BW

A

40

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7
Q

extracellular fluid is ___% of BW

A

20
interstitial; 15% BW
intravascular (plasma); 5% BW

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8
Q

Dogs have a total blood volume of ____ml/kg

A

80-90

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9
Q

Cats have a total blood volume of ____ml/kg

A

60-70

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10
Q

cell membranes permeable to

A
  • Water and gases
  • Urea
    and permeable via facilitated diffusion/active
    transport
  • Ions
  • Small hydrophilic molecules
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11
Q

Channel proteins

A

provide a narrow channel for ions to pass through. This allows passage of ions down their
concentration and electrical gradient (passive)

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12
Q

Carrier proteins

A

can physically bind to a substance on one side of the membrane, and release it on the other

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13
Q

Large molecules can only cross cell membrane via

A

endocytosis, or exocytosis

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14
Q

water is in osmotic _____

A

equilibrium

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15
Q

Colloids

A

very large molecules such as proteins and starches

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16
Q

osmotic pressure

A

amount of pressure that would have to be applied to a solution to prevent pure water - the solvent - from passing through a semi-permeable
membrane into the solution

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17
Q

primary mechanism by which water is transported into and out of cells.

A

osmosis

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

3 mechanisms that regulate movement of water and solutes between extracellular and intracellular fluid spaces in the body

A

1) large molecules like proteins cannot diffuse out of cell; influences osmotic pressure
2) ion transport via active and passive transport
3) positively charges attracts negatively charged ions

19
Q

Crystalloids

A

fluids with electrolytes and small molecules, can move between all 3 compartments (intravascular space, interstitial space intracellular space)

20
Q

colloids

A

fluids with large molecules
Stay in intravascular space, generating colloid osmotic pressure

21
Q

advantages and disadvantages of crystalloids

A
  • Cheap
  • Accessible
  • Short half life
  • Larger volume required for resuscitation
22
Q

advantages and disadvantages of colloids

A
  • Longer half life
  • Smaller volume required to expand intravascular volume
  • Expensive
  • Risk of allergic reaction
23
Q

how is movement between compartments controlled

A

Endothelial cells

essentially selective filters. They regulate the passage of gases, fluids, as well as various molecules across their cell membranes. Different organs have different types of endothelium, some are leaky and some are very tightly bound

24
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of relatively constant internal environment (“same state”) for optimal function

25
Q

what does homeostasis require

A

Consistent monitoring: Feedback

Capacity to make changes and adjust internal environment: Integrated endocrine and neural response

Defence against external environment: Microbes andTemperature

26
Q

negative feedback pathways

A
  • Used to maintain a constant value = “set point”
  • Increase or decrease from set point detected → corrective mechanism
  • System controlled by negative feedback constantly oscillates about set point
  • An efficient homeostatic system minimises the size of oscillations
27
Q

every day water is lost from body in what ways

A
  • Urine
  • Sweat
  • Faeces
  • Milk
  • Eggs
  • Respiration
28
Q

Factors affecting both the intake and output of water include

A
  • Age
  • Sex
  • Obesity
  • Climate
  • Habits
  • Level of physical activity
29
Q

High fluid intake =

A

high fluid output

30
Q

Osmolality vs Osmolarity

A

Osmolality - amount of solutes in the solvent (mass)

Osmolarity is per volume of solution (given in osmoles per litre (osmol/L)) – osmotic concentration

31
Q

Plasma osmolarity/osmolality is important for

A

keeping proper electrolytic balance in the blood stream

32
Q

Improper electrolyte balance can lead to

A

dehydration, alkalosis, acidosis or other life-threatening changes.

33
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

A

controls the amount of water the body retains from the kidney

34
Q

Osmoregulation

A

Active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism’s body fluids
Maintains fluid balance and electrolyte concentrations

35
Q

____ play a large role in osmoregulation
Controlled by _____

A

kidneys
hypothalamus

36
Q

how does brain control osmoregulation

A
  • Contains osmoreceptor cells which detect changes in osmolarity of blood passing through brain
  • Hypothalamus controls thirst and produces ADH (vasopressin)
37
Q

Osmolarity must be regulated to prevent loss of

A

water from cells

38
Q

cells need to maintain constant

A

volume

39
Q

how do cells Respond to swelling or shrinkage

A

by activating membrane transport/metabolic processes

40
Q

What is the approximate amount of intracellular fluid in a dog that weighs 20 kg?

A

8 L

41
Q

What percentage of a cat’s total body weight is in the intravascular space (plasma)?

A

5%

42
Q

When a cell is immersed in a hypertonic solution, what happens to the cell volume?

A

The cell volume decreases, and the cell shrinks

43
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the movement of water and solutes between the extracellular and intracellular fluid spaces?
A.
Ions are transported

B.
Large protein molecules are unable to diffuse out of the cell, which influences osmotic pressure

C.
The cell membrane is impermeable to water

D.
There is a charge difference across the cell membrane

A

C.
The cell membrane is impermeable to water

44
Q

When delivering fluids to rehydrate a patient, what type of fluid will stay within the intravascular space?

A

Colloids

AGRC1041 (20 decks)

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