Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AGRC1041 > connective tissue proper > Flashcards

connective tissue proper Flashcards

1
Q

connective tissue is derived from which germ layer

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

connective tissue are ______ tissues, what are some functions

A
  • supportive
  • structural framework
  • protect organs
  • energy stores
  • transport of nutrients
  • defence from pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

connective tissue consist of

A

cells, protein fibres and fluid ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fibres + ground substances=

A

matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the matrix

A

surrounds the cells, makes up majority of volume of connective tissue

(protein fibres and ground substance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 categories of connective tissue

A
  • connective tissue proper (loose vs dense)
  • supportive connective tissue (cartilage, bone)
  • fluid connective tissue (blood, lymph)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

for connective tissue proper, what is loose vs dense based on

A

proportions of cells, fibers and ground substances

loose connective tissue= packing materials

dense connective tissues= tendons, ligaments, capsules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

constituents

A

cells that are fixed or migratory, fibres and ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fixed cells

A
  • local maintenance, repair and energy storage
  • ex; fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal stromal cells, macrophages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

migratory cells

A
  • aggregate to defend against invading pathogens and to repair damaged tissue
  • ex; macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

name the 3 main fiber types

A

collagen, reticular, elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the most common fibre in connective tissue

A

collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tendons and ligaments are almost entirely

A

collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe collagen fibers

A
  • long, straight flexible, strong
  • 3 polypeptide chains twisted into a ‘rope’
  • white/clear when fresh
  • stain pink with eosin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what fibres are found in parenchyma of spleen, liver, lymph nodes, glands and bone marrow

A

reticular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are reticular fibres composed of

A

same protein as collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

reticular fibers are _____ than collagen

A

thinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe reticular fibers and their function

A
  • tough, flexible, branching and interwoven network; stroma
  • stabilize position of cells, blood vessels and nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what protein is elastic fibers composed of

A

elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe elastic fibers

A
  • fibres are branched and wavy
  • stretch and recoil to relaxed state
  • yellowish when fresh
  • difficult to see with H&E – specialised stains used
  • organised into discontinuous sheets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

in artery wall what layers of elastic fibers do we see

A

internal elastic lamina and external elastic lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe ground substance

A

clear, viscous, surrounds cells and fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is ground substance function

A

slows passage of pathogens and facilitates phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does ground substance contain

A

proteoglycans and glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is most abundant fixed cell in connective tissue proper

A

fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the only cell that is ALWAYS present in connective tissue proper

A

fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what do fibroblasts secrete

A
  • components of ground substance and
  • protein subunits that from the various fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what function are fibroblasts involved in

A

wound healing

29
Q

fibroblasts are elongated with

A

processes lying along fibers

30
Q

describe fibroblast nucleus

A

elliptical, centrally placed

31
Q

mesenchymal stem cells
describe the shape and nucleus

A
  • fixed cells of connective tissue
  • star (stellate) or spindle shape
  • oval nucleus, prominent nucleolus
32
Q

what does the multipotency of MSCs mean

A

they are the precursor cells from which other connective tissue cells
become osteoblasts (bone), adipocytes or chondrocytes (cartilage)

33
Q

where do MSCs lie

A

along capillaries, present in many types of connective tissue

34
Q

how do MSCs respond to infection or injury

A

transform into other connective tissue cell types

35
Q

adipose cells

A
  • involved in lipid storage; dietary fat circulating in blood and triglycerides synthesized by liver and adipocytes
  • fixed cells of connective tissue proper
36
Q

what do adipose cells contain

A
  • one or more lipid droplets
  • Nucleus displaced peripherally, cytoplasm reduced to a narrow rim
  • Main cell type in adipose tissue
  • Also present in loose connective tissue - singly or in clumps of cells
37
Q

white adipose tissue; what does it look like

A
  • cells large, unilocular
  • signet ring appearance
  • peripheral nuclei
  • look like large white bubbles
38
Q

brown adipose tissue; what does it look like

A
  • smaller multilocular cells
  • nuclei round and more centrally place
39
Q

where does brown adipose tissue get its colour

A
  • colour due to cytochrome respiratory pigment (mitochondria)
  • involved in heat production
  • many capillaries and nerves
  • young animals and hibernators
40
Q

macrophages (histiocytes) shape and nucelus

A
  • fixed cells of connective tissue
  • stellate or fusiform, lie along fibers
  • large, irregularly shaped nucleus
41
Q

what are macrophages derived from

A

circulating monocytes

42
Q

what do macrophages do

A
  • phagocytose dead tissue and foreign materials
  • when stimulated, release signal that activate the immune system
  • store antigenic material to present to antibody producing cells
43
Q

migratory cells; EXCEPT FOR MAST CELLS migratory cells of the connective tissue proper are

A

immigrants from the blood

44
Q

name the migratory cells that are immigrants from blood

A

lymphocytes, monocytes (macrophages), eosinophils, neutrophils and plasma cells

lymphocytes, monocytes (macrophages), eosinophils, neutrophils are amoeboid (pass between endothelial cells of cells of vessels to enter tissue)

45
Q

mast cells

A
  • Immune system
  • Large cells, shape varies between species
  • Small, round nucleus
46
Q

mast cells have basophilic granules that contain

A

heparin
& histamine
released in response to injury &
infection

47
Q

mast cells are similar to ____ that circulate in blood

A

basophils

48
Q

mast cells can form

A

tumours

49
Q

what do plasma cells look like

A
  • Ovoid, basophilic
    cytoplasm
  • Eccentric ‘cart
    wheel’ patterned
    nucleus
  • Perinuclear halo –
    Golgi apparatus
50
Q

where do you see many plasma cells

A
  • High numbers in
    lymph nodes & in the
    connective tissue of
    digestive tract
51
Q

plasma cells produce

A

antibodies

52
Q

classify the types of connective tissue proper

A
  • Loose (areolar) connective tissue
  • Dense connective tissue: Regular + Irregular
  • Elastic connective tissue
  • Reticular connective tissue
  • Adipose tissue: White + Brown
53
Q

which is the least specialized of the connective tissues

A

loose (areolar) connective tissue

54
Q

describe loose (areolar) connective tissue

A
  • Binds cells & structures, but permits movement
  • Most of volume consists of ground substance
  • absorbs shock
  • inhibits passage of micro-organisms
  • Fibres very loosely arranged
  • Cells resist infection & assist wound healing
  • Fixed & migratory cells common
  • Very vascular
54
Q

where do you find loose (areolar) connective tissue

A
  • Forms packing around organs, supports epithelial
    tissue (e.g. layer of tissue under skin)
55
Q

dense connective tissue ; what type of fibers dominate

A

Collagen fibres dominate & fewer cells than in loose
connective tissue
* sometimes called collagenous tissue

56
Q

describe dense connective tissue’s activity and strength

A
  • Less physiologically active – fewer nerves & blood vessels
  • High strength, low to moderate elasticity
57
Q

regular dense connective tissue vs irregular dense

A
  • collagen fibers parallel
    look wavy, can see all fibers going in same direction
  • vs collagen fibers randomly arranged
58
Q

where do you find regular dense connective tissue

A
  • tendons (muscle to bone)
  • ligaments (bone to bone)
  • joint capsules
59
Q

where do you find irregular dense connective tissue

A
  • dermis
  • organ capsules
60
Q

elastic connective tissue; what type of fibres dominate and how are they arranged

A

*Elastic fibres dominate
*Irregularly or regularly arranged

61
Q

describe the elastic connective tissue strength/ elasticity

A

Moderate mechanical strength & high elasticity

62
Q

where do you find elastic connective tissue

A

Airways of respiratory tree, arteries, ligaments of
abdominal cavity & vertebral column

63
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue forms the fibrous framework of softer tissues such
as

A

spleen, liver, lymph nodes & bone marrow

64
Q

adipose tissue

A
  • Mostly fat cells (adipocytes)
  • Reserve of energy & water
  • Provides padding, packaging & insulation
  • White & brown adipose tissues - differ in colour,
    vascularity & metabolic activity
65
Q

lipomas are composed of

A

adiopocytes

66
Q

what are lipomas

A

Benign neoplasms

67
Q

what animals are lipomas common in

A

Very common in dogs especially old labradors
and Common in budgies & gallahs

rare in cats

AGRC1041 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions