GI Pharmacology: Intro Drug effects on GI Physiology Flashcards
What is the most common adverse effect of opioid therapy?
Constipation. You should also give laxative when prescribing and opioid.
What drugs are agonists of opioid mu receptors?
Morphine
Loperamide
What drugs are antagonists of opioid mu receptors?
Naloxone
Methylnaltrexone
alvimopan
What drug antagonizes opioid sigma receptors?
Alvimopan
What are the clinical effects of opioids on the Gallbladder?
Biliary pain
Delayed digestion
What are the clinical effects of opioids on the Gastroduodenum?
Anorexia
N/V
What are the clinical effects of opioids on the Small bowel?
Constipation
delayed digestion
hard dry stool.
What are the clinical effects of opioids on the Colon?
Constipation
Bloating/distention
Spasm/cramps/pain
What are the clinical effects of opioids on the anorectum?
Imcomplete evacuation
Straining constipation
What the mechanisms of drug induced diarrhea?
Osmotic diarrhea: draws water into GI tract
Secretory diarrhea: Na absorption is impaired
Disordered motility
Disruption of colonic flora
What drugs are known to cause fatty diarrhea (steatorrhea)?
Orlistat & Alli
Cholestyramine
Metformin
Octreotide
What sorts of drugs cause C. difficile diarrhea?
Antimicrobials (especially Ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalosporins)
Proton pump inhibitors (only occasionally)
What sorts of drugs cause watery diarrhea?
alpha glucosidase inhibitors ( eg acarbose, miglitol)
What sorts of drugs cause secretory diarrhea?
Antibiotics
Anticholinergics
and many others
What is pill induced esophagitis?
typically occurs in older patients with decreased saliva. However, it can occur in anybody with decrease esophageal motility. The pill gets stuck in the esophagus and delivers toxic concentrations of drug to that area.
