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Pathophysiology > GI Gastritis and forward > Flashcards

GI Gastritis and forward Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammatory disorder of the gastric mucosa

A

gastritis

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2
Q

causes of acute gastritis

A

Helicobacter pylori, NSAIDs, drugs, chemicals

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3
Q

clinical manifestations of acute gastritis

A

Vague abdominal discomfort, epigastric tenderness, and bleeding

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4
Q

trmt for acute gastritis

A

Discontinue injurious drugs.

Administer antacids.

Decrease acid secretion with H2 receptor antagonist and proton pump inhibitor

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5
Q

tell me about chronic fundal gastritis

A

Immune

Type A

Associated with autoantibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic factor, resulting in gastric atrophy and pernicious anemia

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6
Q

tell me about Chronic Antral Gastritis

A

Nonimmune

Type B

Associated with H. pylori and NSAIDs

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7
Q

alkaline reflux gastritits

A

Stomach inflammation caused by reflux of bile and alkaline pancreatic secretions

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8
Q

clinical manifestations of alkaline reflux gastritis

A

nausea, bilious vomiting, sustained epigastric pain that worsens after eating

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9
Q

what is peptic ulcer disease

A

A break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum

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10
Q

types of peptic ulcers

A

acute, superficial, superficial, and deep

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11
Q

risk factors for peptic ulcer disease

A

genetics, H pylori, chronic use of NSAIDS, Excessive use of alcohol, smoking, acute pancreatitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, cirrhosis, and over 65 years of age

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12
Q

MC peptic ulcer

A

duodenal

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13
Q

risks for developing duodenal ulcers

A

lots of parietal cells, high gastrin levels, rapid gastric emptying, smoking

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14
Q

clinical manifestations of duodenal ulcers

A

chronic intermittent pain in epigastric area 30min-2 hrs after eating, relieved by food

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15
Q

where do gastric ulcers develop

A

antral region of stomach

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16
Q

how is gastrin secretion in gastric ulcers

A

normal or less than normal

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17
Q

primary defect in gastric ulcers

A

inc mucosal permeability to hydrogen ions

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18
Q

trmt for duodenal ulcers

A

antacids, proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, surgery

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19
Q

how can you reduce risk of duodenal ulcers

A

diet high in vitamin A and fiber

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20
Q

cause of gastric ulcers

A

h pylori

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21
Q

clinical manifestations of gastric ulcers

A

chronic pain immediately after eating, anorexia, vomiting, weight loss

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22
Q

trmt for gastric ulcers

A

same as duodenal

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23
Q

stress ulcer?

A

peptic ulcer related to a severe illness, organ failure, or trauma.

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24
Q

when does an ischemic ulcer develop

A

within an hour of the event

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25
Q

when does an curling ulcer develop

A

after burn from ischemia

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26
Q

when does a cushing ulcer develop

A

head trauma or brain surgery from hypersecretion of HCl from the vagal nuclei

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27
Q

clnical manifestations of stress ulcers

A

bleeding

28
Q

trmt for stress ulcers

A

prophylactic therapy

29
Q

IBD

A

Chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disorders of unknown cause

30
Q

types of IBD

A

ulcerative colitis and Crohns

31
Q

theories for causes of IBD

A

Genetics, changes of epithelial barrier functions, reactions to intestinal flora, Abnormal T-cell response

32
Q

where does ulcerative colitis occur

A

superficial and only in colonic mucosa

33
Q

where does chrons occur

A

transmural and along the entire GI tract

34
Q

which IBD is granulomatous in character

A

chrons

35
Q

risk factors for IBD

A

genetic, environmental

36
Q

Immunodulation may be defective in which IBD

A

chrons

37
Q

what does Immunodulation lead to

A

uncontrolled inflammation by cytokines and macrophages

38
Q

common features to all IBD

A

mucosal ulceration and inflammation of the GI tract

39
Q

what is ulcerative colitis?

A

Is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes ulceration of the sigmoid colon and rectum mucosa

40
Q

this IDB is common in ppl 20-40 yo of jewish descent

A

ulcerative colities

41
Q

causes of ulcerative colitis

A

infectious, immunologic (anticolon antibodies), dietary, genetics

42
Q

tell me about the lesions in ulcerative colitis

A

continuous with no skipped lesions, limited to the mucosa, not transmural

43
Q

clinical manifestations of ulcerative colitis

A

Diarrhea (10 to 20 bowel movements per day), bloody stools, cramps, Remission and exacerbations

44
Q

trmt for ulcerative colitis

A

5-aminosalicylic acid, steroids and salicylate, immunosuppressives, broad spectrum antibiotics, surgery

45
Q

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (CARD15/NOD2) gene mutations has a strong association with what

A

crohns

46
Q

ulcerations in this disease have a cobblestone appearance

A

crohns

47
Q

tell me about the ulcerations in crohns

A

Longitudinal and transverse inflammatory fissures extend into lymphoid tissue

48
Q

clinical manifestations of crohns

A

Abdominal pain and diarrhea (MC signs), more than five stools per day, anemia may result from malabsorption of VB12 and folic acid.

49
Q

what IBD are skip lesions common in

A

crohns

50
Q

what IBD bloody stools common in

A

ulcerative colitis

51
Q

what IBD is steatorrhea common in

A

crohns

52
Q

what IBD is antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody common in

A

ulcerative colitis

53
Q

what IBD is antisaccharomyces cerevisiae antibody common in

A

chrons

54
Q

diverticula

A

Herniation of mucosa through the muscle layers of the colon wall

55
Q

diverticulosis

A

Asymptomatic diverticular disease

56
Q

diverticulitis

A

Inflammatory stage of diverticulosis

57
Q

causes of diverticular diseases of colon

A

over 60 yo, decreased dietary fiber, increased intracolonic pressure, abnormal neuromuscular function, and changes in intestinal motility

58
Q

clinical manifestations of diverticular disease of the colon

A

Low cramping abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, distension, flatulence

Diverticulitis: Fever, leukocytosis

59
Q

functional gastrointestinal disorder with symptoms attributable to the mid or lower gastrointestinal tract not explained by identifiable structural or biochemical abnormalities

A

functional bowel disorder

60
Q

mc gi diagnosis in us

A

IBS

61
Q

mc referral to gastroenterology

A

IBS

62
Q

what is IBS

A

Bouts of alternating diarrhea and constipation, Abdominal pain , Intestinal spasms, gas, no abnormalities

63
Q

when do IBS symptoms usually occur

A

stressful events

64
Q

main theory of IBS

A

biopsychosocial disease

65
Q

diagnostic criteria for IBS

A

recurrent abdominal pain/discomfort for at least 3 days/month for the last 3 months that (must have 2):improve with pooping, comes with change in poop frequency or appearance

66
Q

hidden IBS

A

.

Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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