Altered Cellular And Tissue Biology Flashcards
What is metaplasia
Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type
What is dysplasia
Deranged cellular growth, it is not a true cellular adaptation but rather an atypical hyperplasia. Cells are not normal
When does atrophy occur?
Early development, uterus after childbirth, decrease in workload, use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, nerve stimulation
When does hyper trophy occur?
Skeletal muscle, pregnant uterus, cardiac with high blood pressure, physical obstruction
When does hyperplasia occur?
Compensatory when organs are regenerating like bone marrow and liver, hormonal to replace lost tissue or support new growth like breast tissue
When is hyperplasia pathologic
Endometrial hyperplasia, BPH, viral infection that cause warts
How does carbon monoxide cause cellular injury
It produces hypoxic injury by reducing the oxygen carrying capacity of blood
How does lead cause cellular injury
Causes of learning/behavior problems, speech/hearing problems, nervous system damage, slowed growth and development in children. Affects CNS and PNS
What is the most common source of a lead injury
Paint in older homes, Environment, work
What is the treatment for lead Cell injury
Chelation therapy
How does ethanol/Alcohol cause cellular injury
Causes nutritional deficiency and fetal alcohol syndrome
Where is ethanol metabolized
Liver
What mechanism of cellular injury has a protective affect with the cardiovascular system
Ethanol
What does a cute alcoholism affect? Chronic alcoholism?
Acute effects CNS and chronic affects the liver and stomach
Where does mercury injury come from?
Fish and healthcare equipment
What are the most popular and dangerous drugs
Math, marijuana, cocaine, heroin
What are asphyxial injuries
Failure of cells to receive or use oxygen
What are infectious injuries caused by
Micro organisms
How do you injurious genetics and epigenetic‘s cause cellular injury
Nucleus alterations, Changes in plasma membrane structure, shape, receptors, or transport mechanisms
What type of cellular injury is sickle cell anemia
Injurious genetics and epi- genetics factors
How does hypothermic injury cause cellular injury
Metabolic processes are slowed and it produces reactive oxygen species
What is illumination injury
Fluorescent lighting that causes headaches, eye strain, eye discomfort
Does necrosis have inflammatory changes? Apopptosis?
Necrosis – yes, apoptosis – no
What is type one apopptosis? Type two?
Type one -programmed cell death, type two – autophagic cell death
What is auto lysis
The process of cellular autodigestion. Cell makes enzyme causing it self to burst
What is pyknosis
Shrinking of the nucleus
What is karyorrhexis
Fragmentation of the nucleus
what is karyolysis
Nuclear dissolution and chromatin lysis
What is autophagy
Recycling center where are the cell eat itself and destroys itself
Where do lipid and carb cellular accumulations affect
Liver
When glycogen accumulates in the cell where does it occur
Vacuolation of the cytoplasm
When protein accumulates in the body where is it at
Renal convoluted tubule and in the immune B lymphocytes
Horizontal transmission/bystander effect of ionizing radiation
When Cells not in the directly radiated field are affected by radiation
Genetic instability/Vertical transmission of ionizing radiation
Generations of cells derived from the irradiated progenitor cell appear normal but time lethal and non lethal mutations occur
Ionizing radiation
Any form of radiation capable of moving orbital electrons from Atoms
