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Pathophysiology > Altered Cellular And Tissue Biology > Flashcards

Altered Cellular And Tissue Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is metaplasia

A

Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type

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2
Q

What is dysplasia

A

Deranged cellular growth, it is not a true cellular adaptation but rather an atypical hyperplasia. Cells are not normal

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3
Q

When does atrophy occur?

A

Early development, uterus after childbirth, decrease in workload, use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, nerve stimulation

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4
Q

When does hyper trophy occur?

A

Skeletal muscle, pregnant uterus, cardiac with high blood pressure, physical obstruction

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5
Q

When does hyperplasia occur?

A

Compensatory when organs are regenerating like bone marrow and liver, hormonal to replace lost tissue or support new growth like breast tissue

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6
Q

When is hyperplasia pathologic

A

Endometrial hyperplasia, BPH, viral infection that cause warts

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7
Q

How does carbon monoxide cause cellular injury

A

It produces hypoxic injury by reducing the oxygen carrying capacity of blood

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8
Q

How does lead cause cellular injury

A

Causes of learning/behavior problems, speech/hearing problems, nervous system damage, slowed growth and development in children. Affects CNS and PNS

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9
Q

What is the most common source of a lead injury

A

Paint in older homes, Environment, work

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10
Q

What is the treatment for lead Cell injury

A

Chelation therapy

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11
Q

How does ethanol/Alcohol cause cellular injury

A

Causes nutritional deficiency and fetal alcohol syndrome

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12
Q

Where is ethanol metabolized

A

Liver

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13
Q

What mechanism of cellular injury has a protective affect with the cardiovascular system

A

Ethanol

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14
Q

What does a cute alcoholism affect? Chronic alcoholism?

A

Acute effects CNS and chronic affects the liver and stomach

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15
Q

Where does mercury injury come from?

A

Fish and healthcare equipment

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16
Q

What are the most popular and dangerous drugs

A

Math, marijuana, cocaine, heroin

17
Q

What are asphyxial injuries

A

Failure of cells to receive or use oxygen

18
Q

What are infectious injuries caused by

A

Micro organisms

19
Q

How do you injurious genetics and epigenetic‘s cause cellular injury

A

Nucleus alterations, Changes in plasma membrane structure, shape, receptors, or transport mechanisms

20
Q

What type of cellular injury is sickle cell anemia

A

Injurious genetics and epi- genetics factors

21
Q

How does hypothermic injury cause cellular injury

A

Metabolic processes are slowed and it produces reactive oxygen species

22
Q

What is illumination injury

A

Fluorescent lighting that causes headaches, eye strain, eye discomfort

23
Q

Does necrosis have inflammatory changes? Apopptosis?

A

Necrosis – yes, apoptosis – no

24
Q

What is type one apopptosis? Type two?

A

Type one -programmed cell death, type two – autophagic cell death

25
Q

What is auto lysis

A

The process of cellular autodigestion. Cell makes enzyme causing it self to burst

26
Q

What is pyknosis

A

Shrinking of the nucleus

27
Q

What is karyorrhexis

A

Fragmentation of the nucleus

28
Q

what is karyolysis

A

Nuclear dissolution and chromatin lysis

29
Q

What is autophagy

A

Recycling center where are the cell eat itself and destroys itself

30
Q

Where do lipid and carb cellular accumulations affect

A

Liver

31
Q

When glycogen accumulates in the cell where does it occur

A

Vacuolation of the cytoplasm

32
Q

When protein accumulates in the body where is it at

A

Renal convoluted tubule and in the immune B lymphocytes

33
Q

Horizontal transmission/bystander effect of ionizing radiation

A

When Cells not in the directly radiated field are affected by radiation

34
Q

Genetic instability/Vertical transmission of ionizing radiation

A

Generations of cells derived from the irradiated progenitor cell appear normal but time lethal and non lethal mutations occur

35
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Any form of radiation capable of moving orbital electrons from Atoms

Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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