GI emergencies Flashcards
Which structure separates the supracolic and infracolic compartments?
Transverse mesocolon
In what patients is primary peritonitis most commonly seen?
Those with end stage liver disease, cirrhosis
Define Ascites
Pathological collection of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
In cirrhosis what causes Ascites?
Portal hypertension and decreased liver function
How is primary peritonitis diagnosed?
Aspirating ascitic fluid - neutrophil count > 250 cells/mm^3
What causes secondary peritonitis?
Result of an inflammatory process in the peritoneal cavity. Peptic ulcer, appendicitis, diverticulitis
What is the main symptom of peritonitis?
Diffuse severe abdominal pain
Define Intussusception
One part of the gut teloscopes into another part, common cause of obstruction in children
How is intussusception treated?
Air enema or surgery
What are the most common symptoms for small bowel obstruction?
Nausea and vomiting
What is the biggest cause of mechanical large bowel obstructions?
Colon cancer
What pathological sign is seen in volvulus?
Coffee bean sign
Define Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia
Symptomatic reduction in blood supply to the GI tract
What are the symptoms of Acute mesenteric ischaemia?
Abdo pain disproportionate to clinical findings often in LUQ due to lack of blood supply to the splenic flexure
What is he normal pressure in the portal vein?
5-10mm Hg
