Anatomy

Question 1

Name the 4 layers of the bowel

Answer 1

Mucosa, submucosa, external muscle layers, serosa

Question 2

What does the epithelial layer of mucosa do?

Answer 2

selectively permeable, promote absorption, produce hormones & mucus

Question 3

What does the lamina propria of the mucosa do?

Answer 3

produce antibodies & contain lymphoid nodules and macrophages

Question 4

What does the muscularis mucosae of the mucosa do?

Answer 4

keeps epithelium in contact with gut contents and keeps it mobile to prevent stasis and infection

Question 5

What type of epithelia is in the gut?

Answer 5

Stratfied squamous in oesopahgus and distal anus, simple columnar everywhere else

Question 6

What do goblet cells do?

Answer 6

sit between enterocytes, produce mucus that stops friction, chemical damage and inflammation

Question 7

Which cells line gastric mucosa and produce mucus?

Answer 7

Foveolar cells

Question 8

What are the permenant folds in the small intestine called?

Answer 8

Plicae circulares

Question 9

What are the temporary fold in the stomach called?

Answer 9

Rugae

Question 10

What are the folds in the large bowel called?

Answer 10

Sacculations

Question 11

What do the crypts in the large and small intestine do?

Answer 11

Contain stem cells, paneth cells and enteroendocrine cells

Question 12

How much saliva is produced per day?

Answer 12

1.5L

Question 13

What are the 3 anterolateral muscles called?

Answer 13

external obliques, internal obliques, transverse abdominis

Question 14

What is the name of the fascia under the transverse abdominis?

Answer 14

Transversalis fascia

Question 15

What is an aponeurosis?

Answer 15

Thin sheet like tendon

Question 16

What is the rectus sheath?

Answer 16

Aponeurosis of lateral muscles surrounding rectus abdominis

Question 17

What is the arcuate line?

Answer 17

lower limit of the posterior layer of rectus sheath, midway between umbilicus and pubic crest

Question 18

What does the peritoneal cavity do?

Answer 18

produce lubricating fluid, envelope certain viscera & line the cavity wall

Question 19

What is the mesentery?

Answer 19

Double fold of the peritoneum that attaches viscera to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 20

What does the mesentery contain?

Answer 20

blood vessels, lymph, nerves & fat

Question 21

What does the mesentery attach to ?

Answer 21

Jejunum, ileum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon & rectum