Function of the Stomach

Question 1

What route do hormones take released from endocrine cells?

Answer 1

Into the portal circulation, through the liver, into the systemic circulation and back to close to where they were released

Question 2

What are the 2 broad categories of GI hormones?

Answer 2

Gastrin and Secretin family

Question 3

Name 2 hormones from the gastrin family

Answer 3

Gastrin and Cholecystokinin

Question 4

What do the hormones in the gastrin family do?

Answer 4

Increase gastric, pancreatic and gall bladder secretions

Question 5

Name 2 hormones in the secretin family

Answer 5

Secretin and Gastric inhibitory polypeptide

Question 6

What do the hormones in the secretin family do?

Answer 6

Decrease gastric acid secretion

Question 7

Name 4 areas of the stomach

Answer 7

Fundus, cardia, body and antrum

Question 8

What epithelium is in the stomach?

Answer 8

Simple Columnar

Question 9

Name 4 cell types in the stomach

Answer 9

Mucous, parietal, chief and G cells

Question 10

How often is liquid chyme ejected into the stomach?

Answer 10

3 times per min

Question 11

What is the function of Brunners glands?

Answer 11

In duodenum, secrete substance to protect intestines from gastric acid

Question 12

What does the celiac trunk branch into?

Answer 12

Common hepatic artery, Left gastric artery and splenic artery

Question 13

What is the clinical significance of the gastroduodenal artery?

Answer 13

It sits behind the duodenum and is vulnerable to perforation if there is a duodenal ulcer

Question 14

Where does blood from the stomach drain?

Answer 14

Portal vein

Question 15

What is receptive relaxation?

Answer 15

The fundus of the stomach dilates when food passes down the esophagus

Question 16

Name 3 functions of stomach acid

Answer 16

Helps to unravel proteins, activate proteases and disinfect stomach contents

Question 17

Name 3 substances that the stomach secretes

Answer 17

HCL, Gastrin, mucus, pepsinogen, histamines, intrinsic factor etc:-

Question 18

What structures in the stomach are things secreted from?

Answer 18

Gastic pit and gland

Question 19

What 3 substances stimulate a parietal cell to secrete acid?

Answer 19

Gastrin, Histamine and ACh

Question 20

Name 2 substances that stimulate gastrin secretion?

Answer 20

peptides in the stomach and vagal stimulation

Question 21

What cell and substance inhibits acid production?

Answer 21

D cells secrete somatostatin

Question 22

Name the 3 phases of digestion

Answer 22

Cephalic (sensory imput), Gastric and Intestinal

Question 23

What defences are in place to protect the stomach from its own acid ?

Answer 23

Mucus is secreted from foveolar cells, HCO3- secreted into mucus, rich blood supply to the mucosa to remove and buffer acid. Finally Prostaglandins released promote the above defences.