Function of the Stomach Flashcards
What route do hormones take released from endocrine cells?
Into the portal circulation, through the liver, into the systemic circulation and back to close to where they were released
What are the 2 broad categories of GI hormones?
Gastrin and Secretin family
Name 2 hormones from the gastrin family
Gastrin and Cholecystokinin
What do the hormones in the gastrin family do?
Increase gastric, pancreatic and gall bladder secretions
Name 2 hormones in the secretin family
Secretin and Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
What do the hormones in the secretin family do?
Decrease gastric acid secretion
Name 4 areas of the stomach
Fundus, cardia, body and antrum
What epithelium is in the stomach?
Simple Columnar
Name 4 cell types in the stomach
Mucous, parietal, chief and G cells
How often is liquid chyme ejected into the stomach?
3 times per min
What is the function of Brunners glands?
In duodenum, secrete substance to protect intestines from gastric acid
What does the celiac trunk branch into?
Common hepatic artery, Left gastric artery and splenic artery
What is the clinical significance of the gastroduodenal artery?
It sits behind the duodenum and is vulnerable to perforation if there is a duodenal ulcer
Where does blood from the stomach drain?
Portal vein
What is receptive relaxation?
The fundus of the stomach dilates when food passes down the esophagus
Name 3 functions of stomach acid
Helps to unravel proteins, activate proteases and disinfect stomach contents
Name 3 substances that the stomach secretes
HCL, Gastrin, mucus, pepsinogen, histamines, intrinsic factor etc:-
What structures in the stomach are things secreted from?
Gastic pit and gland
What 3 substances stimulate a parietal cell to secrete acid?
Gastrin, Histamine and ACh
Name 2 substances that stimulate gastrin secretion?
peptides in the stomach and vagal stimulation
What cell and substance inhibits acid production?
D cells secrete somatostatin
Name the 3 phases of digestion
Cephalic (sensory imput), Gastric and Intestinal
What defences are in place to protect the stomach from its own acid ?
Mucus is secreted from foveolar cells, HCO3- secreted into mucus, rich blood supply to the mucosa to remove and buffer acid. Finally Prostaglandins released promote the above defences.
