Intestines Flashcards
What are the permanent folds in the small intestine called?
Plicae Circulares
What type of epithelia are enterocytes?
Simple columnar
What do paneth cells produce ?
Antimicrobial peptides in the intestinal glands
How often is mucosa shed?
3-6 days
Which bonds does amylase break down?
alpha 1-4 bonds in starch
Which enzyme is required to break alpha 1-6 bonds?
Isomaltase
How is trypsinogen activated and why is it particularly important?
Enteropeptidase, trypsin activates other proteases
What is the difference between endopeptidases and exopeptidases?
endo = produce shorter polypeptides, exo= produce dipeptides or amino acids
How is Na taken up in the large and small intestine?
Large = via Na channels, small = Na co-transported with glucose/ AA etc
What is water secretion driven by?
Cl movement
Name 2 causes of vit B12 deficiency
Lack of intrinsic factor, not enough in diet, hypochlorhydria or inflammatory disorders of the ileum
What proportion of adults have IBS?
10-15%
What causes coeliac disease ?
Immune response to gliadin fraction in gluten, damages mucosa in intestine
How would you investigate for coeliac disease?
IgA antibodies test, upper GI endoscopy, biopsies
