GI Drugs Purpose and Actions Flashcards
H2 Antagonists
Purpose: short term treatment of GERD, active duodenal ulcers, benign gastric ulcer
Actions: selectively block histamine 2 receptor sites; this blocking leads to a reduction in gastric acid secretion and reduction in overall pepsin production
Antacids- aluminum salts
Purpose: symptomatic relief of upset stomach associated with hyper-acidity and hyperactivity
Actions: Neutralizes stomach acid by direct chemical reaction;includes aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and sodium bicarbonate
Proton pump inhibitors
Purpose: short term treatment of active duodenal ulcers, GERD, erosive esophagitis, benign active gastric disease
Actions: act at specific secretory surface receptors to prevent the final step of acid production and thereby decrease the level of acid in the stomach
GI Protectant Agents
Purpose: promote ulcer healing
Actions: forms and ulcer-adherent complex at duodenal ulcer sites, protecting the sites against acid, pepsin, and bile salts
Prostaglandins
Purpose: prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers; treatment of duodenal ulcers
Actions: inhibits gastric acid secretions and increases bicarbonate and mucous production in the stomach
Digestive Enzymes: Saliva and pancreatic enzymes
Purpose: saliva- people with dry mouth (stroke, salivary disorders, conditions of the head and neck, anticholinergics);
pancreatic enzymes- cystic fibrosis
Actions: saliva substitute- contains electrolytes and carboxymethylcullulose to act as a thickening agent in dry mouth conditions; pancreatic enzymes are replacement enzymes that help the digestion and absorption of fats, proteins, and carbs
Actions of Laxatives: chemical stimulants
Actions: chemically irritate the lining of the GI tract
Actions of Laxatives: bulk stimulants
Actions: cause the fecal matter to increase in bulk
Actions of Laxatives: lubricants
Actions: help the intestinal contents move more smoothly through lubrication
Purpose of all Laxatives
- short term relief of constipation
- prevent straining when it is clinically undesirable
- evacuate the bowel for diagnostic procedures
- removal of ingested poisons
GI stimulants
Purpose: ?
Actions: Blocks dopamine and increases Ach to stimulate parasympathetic activity within the GI tract; increases GI secretions and motility, anti N/V
Antidiarrheals
Purpose: relief of symptoms of acute or chronic diarrhea, reduction of volume of discharge from ileostomies, prevention and treatment of travelers diarrhea
Actions: slow the motility of the GI tract through direct action on the lining of the GI tract
Antiemetics Phenothiazines
Purpose: treatment of nausea and vomiting, hiccoughs
Actions: depresses various areas of the CNS, anticholinergic
Antichilinergics/ Antihistamines
Purpose: prevention and treatment of N/V
Actions: Anticholinergics that act as antihistamines and block the transmission of impulses to the CTZ in the medulla
Antiemetics Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Blockers
Purpose: control of nausea and vomiting, esp. chemo
Actions: block those receptors associated with nausea and vomiting in the CTZ and locally
