Final Exam Misc. Flashcards
secondary adverse reaction
additional to the desired effect
-eg. antihistamines make you drowsy
cytotoxic effect
- attack and lysis of the cell that has the drug -on it
- causes drug-induced hemolytic anemia
serum sickness
caused by body reacting to antibodies combining with the drug
-lyme disease
delayed reaction
time-lapse between taking the drug and adverse reactions
-eg. poison ivy
labs for antifungals
ALT and AST… liver labs
causes and s/s of disulfiram-like reactions
- disulfiram = Antabuse
- taking metronidazole with alcohol
- s/s: n/v, flushing, tachy, shortness of breath… problem with CO until proven otherwise
problem with any antineoplastic agent that starts with a “d”, like “doxyrubicin”
bad effects on the heart
- check for hypertrophy
- causes mouth sores
SIADH
- syndrome of inappropriate ADH
- too much ADH causes extreme fluid retention
- patient will need a diuretic
how to draw up insulin
- put air in the intermediate
- put air in the rapid
- draw up the rapid
- draw up the intermediate
most dangerous side effect of SSRIs
fever- hypertensive crisis
where are alpha 1 receptors located
eyes, salivary glands, GI/ GU sphincters, arterioles
where are alpha 2 receptors located?
smooth muscle, NMJ synapse
where are beta 1 receptors located?
heart, brain, kidneys
where are beta 2 receptors located?
smooth muscle, bronchioles, liver, uterus
side effects of all beta blockers
problems with heart and lungs
treating angina
MONA- morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin
drugs that treat problems with afterload
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
antidote to warfarin
vitamin K
labs for warfarin
PT and INR
antidote to enoxaprin
protamine sulfate
labs for enoxaprin and heparin
PTT
definition of infertility
diagnosed after at least one year of regular unprotected intercourse
assessments for clomiphene
- has it been long enough to consider the pt infertile?
- is there ovarian function? (test by checking estradiol levels in the urine)
clomiphene is known for…
- having a baby that is anencephalic
- gastroschisis- bowel is outside the body cavity when they are born
- having a litter
where do osmotic diuretics work
before the glomerulus
where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work?
descending loop of Henle
where do loop diuretics work?
in the ascending loop of Henle
where do potassium-sparing diuretics work?
in the DCT
where do thiazide diuretics work?
in the DCT
s/s of UTI… bladder vs kidney infection
- bladder: urinary frequency and urgency, burning on urination
- kidney: chills, fever, flank pain and tenderness (associated with pyelonephritis)
- what chemotherapeutic agent causes hemorrhagic cystitis?
- what protects against it?
- cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
- Mesna
location of M1 receptors
ENS and CNS
location of M2 receptors
heart
location of M3 receptors
eyes, exocrine glands, lungs, GI/GU
Anticholinergic 4 aunties
antipsychotics, antihistamines, antidepressants, antiparkinsons
rebound acidity
chronic use of antacids will tell the stomach to produce more acid, then you take more meds, which makes the stomach think its needs to produce even more, etc..
teaching for pts on oral contraceptives
- no protection against STDs
- 1 pill missed: take 2 the next morning
- 2 pills missed: take 2 for the next 2 mornings
- 3 pills missed: all hope is lost and you have to start a new pack 7 days after the last pill was taken
rapid acting insulin
aspart (Novolog)
lispro (Humalog)
short acting insulin
regular (Humulin R)
intermediate acting insulin
NPH (Humulin N)
long acting insulin
glargine (Lantus)
assessments for levothyroxin
- s/e: insomnia, weight loss, heat intolerance
- therapeutic effects: decline in TSH levels
diabetes insipidus
- polyuria (pee a lot of dilute urine) and polydipsia (very thirsty)
- DO NOT experience polyphasia (starving) like with DM
- can be a problem with pituitary gland
- opposite of SIADH
