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Pharm > Exam 4 Module 8 Drug Purpose > Flashcards

Exam 4 Module 8 Drug Purpose Flashcards

1
Q

4 main sympathetic receptors

A

Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Beta 2

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2
Q

Alpha 1

A
  • Generally about stimulation
  • Stimulation = more exictation, mydriasis, arterial constriction
  • Block = less excitation, miosis, arterial vasodilation
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3
Q

Where are alpha 1 receptors located?

A

Eye, salivary glands, GI/GU sphincters, arterioles

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4
Q

phenylephrine (Sudafed PE)

A

Alpha 1 agonist

decongestant drug

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5
Q

doxazosin (Cardura)

A
  • Alpha 1 receptor blocker
  • Blocks sympathetic stimulation, we get relaxation
  • Used for BPH
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6
Q

Alpha 2

A
  • Generally about relaxation
  • Stimulation = more relaxation
  • Block = less relaxation
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7
Q

Where are alpha 2 receptors located?

A

Smooth muscle NMJ synapse

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8
Q

clonidine (Catapres)

A
  • alpha 2 agonist
  • Agonizes receptors and causes more relaxation
  • Good BP medication
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9
Q

Beta 1

A
  • Generally about stimulation
  • Stimulation = more stimulation, increase conductivity, increase renin
  • Block = less stimulation, decrease conductivity, decrease renin
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10
Q

Where are beta 1 receptors located?

A

Heart, brain, kidney

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11
Q

atenolol (Tenormin)

A
  • Blocks beta 1 receptors in the heart
  • selective antagonist
  • less stimulation, decreases conductivity
  • lowers BP
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12
Q

dobutamine (dobutrex)

A
  • Beta 1 selective agonist

- Use in shock to improve the conductivity stimulation of the heart

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13
Q

Beta 2

A
  • Generally about stimulation
  • Stimulation = more stimulation, dilation, increase lipolysis, improves insulin
  • Block = less stimulation, constriction, decrease lipolysis, impairs insulin
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14
Q

Where are beta 2 receptors located?

A

smooth muscle, bronchioles, liver, uterus

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15
Q

albuterol (Proventil)

A
  • Beta 2 agonist
  • Used to open airways
  • dilation of the bronchioles by stimluating beta 2
  • will also hit beta 1 which causes increased heart rate
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16
Q

terbutaline (Brethine)

A
  • Beta 2 agonist

- Use for premature labor which causes the uterus to relax

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17
Q

If we over stimulate the sympathetic nervous system we will have….

A

-decrease in cardiac output because of too fast of heart rate, too slow of contraction

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18
Q

Adrenergic agonist/ sympathomimetic

A
  • stimulate all of the adrenergic receptors in the SNS
  • induce fight or flight
  • frequently used to treat shock
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19
Q

Beta 1 selective adrenergic blocking agents

A
  • Does not block the beta 1 receptors responsible for bronchodilation
  • preferred in patients with respiratory problems
  • used to treat HTN, angina, and HF
  • must be tapered off
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20
Q

BP example with 4 receptors

A 
Alpha 1 agonist = increase BP
alpha 1 antagonist = decrease BP
Alpha 2 agonist = decrease BP
Alpha 2 antagonist = increase BP
Beta 1/2 agonist = increase BP
Beta 1/2 antagonist = decrease BP
21
Q

Parasympathetic receptors

A
  • Muscarinic: most are this
  • Nicotinic: NMJ and ganglia
  • “feed and breed”
22
Q

Where are M1 receptors located?

A

CNS and enteric nervous system

23
Q

Where are M2 receptors located?

A

heart

24
Q

Where are M3 receptors located?

A
  • exocrine glands
  • GI
  • eyes
  • lungs
  • GU
25
Q

What is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Ach

26
Q

Stimulation of M3 in exocrine glands..

A
  • increase exocrine gland secretion

- see patients sweating

27
Q

Stimulation of M3 in the gut..

A
  • increases gut motility

- go to the bathroom more often

28
Q

Stimulation of M3 in pupillary sphincter…

A

-causes miosis: constriction of the pupil

29
Q

Stimulation of M3 in ciliary muscle causes

A

accommodation: ability to focus near and far almost instantaneously

30
Q

Stimulation of M3 in lungs and GU causes

A

broncho constriction and bladder constriction

31
Q

bethanechol (Urecholine)

A
  • direct acting cholinergic

- used for urinary retention

32
Q

carbechol (Carbastat)

A
  • direct acting cholinergic

- used for glaucoma, urinary retention

33
Q

methacholine (Provocholine)

A
  • direct acting cholinergic

- asthma challenge test

34
Q

pilocarpine (Salagen)

A
  • direct acting cholinergic
  • used to test for cystic fibrosis
  • sweat test
35
Q

Anti-acetylcholine esterases cause you to become…

A

more cholinergic

36
Q

Neostigmine (Prostigmin)

A

indirect cholinergic

  • used in urinary retention
  • used in myasthenia gravis
  • used as an antidote to NMJ blockers
37
Q

pyridostigmine (Mestinon)

A

indirect cholinergic

  • used in urinary retention
  • used in myasthenia gravis
  • used as an antidote to NMJ blockers
38
Q

physostigmine (Antilirium)

A
  • indirect cholinergic
  • FIXostigmine
  • used to counteract atropine overdose
39
Q

The rescue drug for an anticholinergic drug is…

A

cholinergic drug

40
Q

donepezil (Aricept)

A

indirect cholinergic

  • used to treat Alzheimer’s/dementia
  • allows what Ach is there to be productive instead of being broken down
41
Q

What receptors do anticholinergic drugs work on?

A

M1, M2, M3

42
Q

Antagonizing M3 causes..

A
  • Decrease exocrine secretions
  • Decrease gut motility
  • Mydriasis
  • Cycloplegia (no accommodation)
  • Broncho relaxation
  • Bladder distention
43
Q

atropine (Atreza)

A
  • anticholinergic
  • used to create mydriasis
  • used as antidote to cholinergic poisoning
  • used to prevent or slow down drooling
  • used as a rescue drug for bradycardia
44
Q

ipratropium (Atropent)

A

anticholinergic

  • used to treat asthma
  • COPD
  • antagonizing M3 gives us bronchorelaxation
45
Q

oxybutinin (ditropan)

A

anticholinergic

-used to help with bladder spasms and urinary retention issues

46
Q

scopolamine (Maldemar)

A

anticholinergic

  • used for motion sickness
  • hits M1 and causes CNS depression
47
Q

drug of choice for a cholinergic crisis

A

atropine or whatever anticholinergic is available

48
Q

edrophinum

A

cholinergic drug used to discern between a cholinergic and myesthenia crisis

  • if myesthenia crisis, the pt will get better (bc they had too little Ach)
  • if its a cholinergic crisis, the pt won’t get better (they have too much Ach)
49
Q

the 4 aunties

A

antipsychotics
antihistamine
antidepressant
anti-parkinsons

Pharm (20 decks)

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