Exam 2 Flashcards
Main conducting airway into the lungs
trachea
Action that happens through the conducting airways of the upper respiratory tract
Ventilation- movement of air in and out of the mody
Action that happens at the alveoli
Gas exchange or respiration
Respiration is controlled by
CNS
Stimulates diaphragm to contract and cause inspiration
Vagus nerve
Cough and cold meds should not be used for whom?
Children under 2 years
Contraindications of antitussives
People who NEED to cough (eg. viral infection or post op patients), anything that suppresses the CNS, head injuries
Nursing implications for antitussives
airway clearance, respiratory depression (bc it suppresses the CNS), altered sensory perception, risk for falls
Contraindications of decongestants (topical and oral)
rhinitis medicamentosa, things that are exacerbated my sympathetic stimulation, glaucoma, non-intact mucus membranes (for topical)
Contraindications for decongestant topical steroids
infection
Nursing implications for decongestant topical steroids
Teach proper administration; teach to take in the morning bc it will keep you awake; immune system depression
Contraindications of antihistamines
cardiac arrhythmias, low BP, tachycardia, urinary retension
Anticholinergic Response
1) Eyes dilate 2) flushed, vasodilation 3) hyperthermia 4) dry skin 5) crazy, sleepy, hallucinating 6) urinary retention 7) tachycardia
Contraindications of expectorants
persistent, undiagnosed cough (more than 2 weeks); synergistic effects with analgesics and anything that will suppress the CNS, esp Tylenol, Aspirin, and alcohol
Antidote to Tylenol overdose
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Contraindications of mucolytics
bronchospasms
Difference between an expectorant and a mucolytic
Expectorant helps you cough it out, mucolytics break it up SO THAT you can cough it out
Contraindications of sympathomimetic bronchodilators
conditions aggravated by sympathetic nervous system stimulation; African Americans have high death rate when on Salmeterol
Contraindications of anticholinergic bronchodilators
Things aggravated by loss of Ach (myethenia gravis); allergy to soy or peanuts; BPH; glaucoma
Therapeutic range of Xanthene drugs
10-20 mcg/mL
Contraindications of xanthenes
things that have SNS stimulation
Contraindications of inhaled steroid drugs
Not for acute symptoms (takes a long time to work), infection (bc it suppresses the immune system)
Nursing indications for inhaled steroid drugs
Takes hours to days to become effective, rinse mouth out after use to avoid thrush, must be weened off to allow adrenal glands to reactivate
Side effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists
causes SNC depression and myalgia; blocking WBC production so we’re depressing immunity- risk for infection
Contraindications of mast cell stabilizers
not for acute symptoms; interferes with some types of contact lenses
clinical representation of inflammation
calor (heat) tumor (swelling) rubor (redness) dolor (pain) loss of function
Contraindications of Salycyclates
bleeding disorders, chicken pox and influenza in children, someone who needs to clot, someone about to have surgery
Major side effects of salycylates
bleeding, decreased cardiac output, hard on the stomach
Special indication for indomethacin
closes PDAs in newborns
Contraindications of propionic acids
people with ulcers or GI bleeding
Major side effects of propionic acids
stomach pain and bleeding; ulcers with advil
Contraindications of acetaminophen
allergy, chronic alcoholism, liver problems
Major side effects of acetaminophen
highly liver toxic, suppresses bone marrow in taken long time; if bone marrow is suppressed then it wont make blood cells which won’t oxygenate the brain
Contraindications of gold compounds
allergy to gold
Major side effects of gold compounds
severe upper GI distress, lots of allergic reactions, bone marrow suppression
Nursing Dx for gold compounds
Risk for tissue damage r/t hypersensitivity
Contraindications to DMARDS
allergy to hampsters
Major side effects of DMARDS
severe bone depression, increased risk for infection and increased risk for cancer development
Side effects of immune modulator drugs
Makes the pt feel like they have the flu and gives risk for pulmonary edema
