GI drugs

Question 1

PPIs - where is their site of action?

Answer 1

parietal cell

Question 2

what do PPIs inhibit?

Answer 2

the final step of acid production at decretory surface of gastric parietal cell

Question 3

side effects of PPI?

Answer 3

headache, nausea, diarrhoea, fatigue, abdo pain

Question 4

control of vomiting is by the vomiting centre. where is this?

Answer 4

medulla

Question 5

the vomiting act. what are the stages?

Answer 5

efferent stimulation from vomiting centre in medulla. deep breath. upper oesophageal sphincter relaxation. closure of glottis (protects airway). diagphramic contraction. abdominal wall contraction. lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation.

Question 6

visceral stimulation from GI tract to vomiting centre. which neurotransmitters are involved?

Answer 6

serotonin and dopamine

Question 7

where do opiods act to cause vomiting ?

Answer 7

CTZ

Question 8

what kind of drugs are metaclopramide and domperidone?

Answer 8

dopamine receptor agonists (DOmperidone)

Question 9

which drug is used for motion sickness?

Answer 9

hyoscine hydrobromide

Question 10

which drugs work by blocking H1 receptors within the vomiting centre?

Answer 10

cyclizine, promethazine

Question 11

what kind of drug is ondansetron?

Answer 11

5ht3 receptor antagonists (in the gut)

Question 12

what is 5ht3?

Answer 12

serotonin

Question 13

examples of serotonin receptor antagonists used for anti sickness?

Answer 13

ondansetron, granisetron

Question 14

what is used in pregnancy for anti emetic?

Answer 14

anti emetics are generally avoided

Question 15

first choice anti emetic in pregnancy?

Answer 15

anti histamine

Question 16

drug induced nausea in pregnancy treatment?

Answer 16

cyclizine or dopamine agonist

Question 17

hyoscine butyl bromide - what is this drug used for?

Answer 17

abdominal cramps

Question 18

what kind of drug is hyoscine hydrobromide?

Answer 18

anti muscarinic

Question 19

what kind of drug is cyclizine

Answer 19

anti histamine

Question 20

what kind of drug is promethazine/

Answer 20

anti histamine

Question 21

side effect of ondansetron?

Answer 21

constipation (otp)

Question 22

metronidazole and alcohol - what happens?

Answer 22

tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia

Question 23

what is plummer vinson syndrome?

Answer 23

plummer vinson digs hole for iron pipe 
Dysphagia 
Iron deficiency anaemia 
Glossitis 
Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 24

why do you get dysphagia in plummer vinson syndrome?

Answer 24

secondary to eosophageal webs

Question 25

treatment of plummer vinson syndrome?

Answer 25

iron supplementation and dilation of the webs

Question 26

dysphagia with pain?

Answer 26

oesophageal web

Question 27

name a H2 receptor antagonist?

Answer 27

ranitidine, cimetidine

Question 28

method of action of H2 antagonists?

Answer 28

reduce production of H

Question 29

why do H2 receptor antagonists cause headaches

Answer 29

they cross the blood brain barrier