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gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

what is gastroenteritis?

A

inflammation of the stomach or intestines

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2
Q

flu like prodrome followed by crampy abdominal pains, fever and bloody diarrhoea?

A

campylobacter

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3
Q

what bacteria do you get from cakes ?

A

staph aureus SA

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4
Q

which type of foods take longer to digest?

A

fatty foods

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5
Q

complications of gastroenteritis?

A

renal failure, toxic dilatation, post infective IBS, sepsis, meningitis, aortitis, osteomyelitis, reactive arthritis, GBS, HUS

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6
Q

what would you get Campylobacter from ?

A

Chicken, water, unpasteurised milk

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7
Q

whats an important complication of camp ?

A

Guillian Barre syndrome

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8
Q

incubation period of campylobacter?

A

3-10 days

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9
Q

can you get person to person spread of campylobacter?

A

very rare

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10
Q

which bacteria cause bloody diarrhoea?

A

campylobacter and e coli 0157

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11
Q

what is diarrhoea classed as ?

A

3 or more loose stools in 24 hours

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12
Q

what is incubation period?

A

time between exposure to the bacteria and development of symptoms

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13
Q

which bacteria have short incubation periods?

A

staph aureus and bacillus cereus (A and B)

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14
Q

medium incubation period (12-48 hours)?

A

salmonella

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15
Q

long incubation period (2-14 days)

A

campylobacter and e coli 0157

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16
Q

get bloody diarrhoea from ?

A

campylobacter or e coli 0157

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17
Q

if get systemic illness from Campylobacter (fever, rigors, flu-like symptoms) give?

A

Ciprofloxacin or erythromycin for 5 days

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18
Q

campylobacter gram positive or negative?

A

negative

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19
Q

incubation period salmonella ?

A

12-48 hours

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20
Q

what do you get salmonella from?

A

farm animals, especially undercooked chicken

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21
Q

if pt at risk treat with?

A

ciprofloxacin for 5 days

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22
Q

who is especially at risk of HUS?

A

children under 5

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23
Q

why do you get petechiae in HUS?

A

you get thrombocytopaenia

24
Q

most common sign in HUS?

A

bloody diarrhoea (90%)

25
Q

HUS develops in 10% people infected with VTEC

A

y

26
Q

tx of e coli 0157 infection?

A

supportive –> no ABX and check for HUS

27
Q

where do you get e coli 0157 from?

A

mince and burgers

28
Q

which gram positive anaerobic bacteria produces cooking resistant spores that grow after cooking and produce enterotoxin?

A

colstridium perfringens

29
Q

what is the winter vomiting disease?

A

norovirus

30
Q

what ages does it affect?

A

all ages

31
Q

outbreak on cruise ship, people with abrupt explosive diarrhoea and nausea?

A

norovirus

32
Q

how does norovirus spread?

A

Faecal/oral, waterborne, shellfish

33
Q

how do you diagnose?

A

feacal specimen or vomit swab for PCR

34
Q

tx norovirus?

A

rehydration is key

35
Q

commonest cause of D/V in children under 3 years?

A

rotavirus

36
Q

do you get bloody diarrhoea in rotavirus?

A

mild to severe diarrhoea -no blood

37
Q

Spore forming gram positive, resisntant to dissinfectants?

A

C difficile

38
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of c diff?

A

diarrhoea, sometimes bloody, abdo pain

39
Q

how do antibiotics cause c diff?

A

they destroy bowel flora, allow c diff to predominate, spores, infect other patients

40
Q

how do you lab diagnose c diff?

A

screening test for presence of organism (GDH)
If GDH positive, test for presence of toxin (toxin A and B)
culture can be done if strain needs to be typed

41
Q

risk factors for c diff infection?

A

over 65, immunosuppression, PPI use, hospitalisation, previous CD infection

42
Q

what Cs cause c diff?

A

clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav, claithromycin

43
Q

treatment of c diff?

A

less severe - oral metronidazole

severe - vancomycin

44
Q

what kind of things cause travellers diarrhoea?

A

enterotoxigenic e coli, campylobacter, salmonella, shigella, notovirus, rotavirus

45
Q

is bacillus cereus an axo or endtoxin?

A

exo

46
Q

crytptosporidium - what kind of organism are they?

A

protozoa

47
Q

crytptosporidium cysts stain with ?

A

ziehl neelsen

48
Q

how do you diagnose typhoid/paratyphoid fever

A

blood cultures

49
Q

signs and symptoms of typhoid?

A

fever/headache, constipation, dry cough

50
Q

treatment of typhoid?

A

diagnose by BLOOD CULTURES, treatment is azythromycin

51
Q

o Protozoan infection spread by faeco-oral route or by ill/asympatomatic carrier
o Areas of poor sanitation

A
  • Amoebiasis
52
Q

what would you see over the right lung base in amoebiasis?

A

large opacity –> amoebic liver abcess

53
Q

how is cryptosporidium spread and how is it treated?

A

person to person –> supportive tx

54
Q

for c diff, if screening test positive and toxin test negative, what is the result?

A

indeterminate, assess pt and send repeat specimen

55
Q

Travel to areas where water supply may be contaminated, swimming in ponds
C/F: diarrhoea, flatulence, abdo cramps, epigastria pain, nausea, vomiting

A

giardia lambia

56
Q

diagnosis and treatment guardia lambia ?

A

stool examination for ova and parasites and metronidazole for 1 week

57
Q

what is characteristic of a c diff infection ?

A

raised white cell count

GI (22 decks)

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