gastroenteritis

Question 1

what is gastroenteritis?

Answer 1

inflammation of the stomach or intestines

Question 2

flu like prodrome followed by crampy abdominal pains, fever and bloody diarrhoea?

Answer 2

campylobacter

Question 3

what bacteria do you get from cakes ?

Answer 3

staph aureus SA

Question 4

which type of foods take longer to digest?

Answer 4

fatty foods

Question 5

complications of gastroenteritis?

Answer 5

renal failure, toxic dilatation, post infective IBS, sepsis, meningitis, aortitis, osteomyelitis, reactive arthritis, GBS, HUS

Question 6

what would you get Campylobacter from ?

Answer 6

Chicken, water, unpasteurised milk

Question 7

whats an important complication of camp ?

Answer 7

Guillian Barre syndrome

Question 8

incubation period of campylobacter?

Answer 8

3-10 days

Question 9

can you get person to person spread of campylobacter?

Answer 9

very rare

Question 10

which bacteria cause bloody diarrhoea?

Answer 10

campylobacter and e coli 0157

Question 11

what is diarrhoea classed as ?

Answer 11

3 or more loose stools in 24 hours

Question 12

what is incubation period?

Answer 12

time between exposure to the bacteria and development of symptoms

Question 13

which bacteria have short incubation periods?

Answer 13

staph aureus and bacillus cereus (A and B)

Question 14

medium incubation period (12-48 hours)?

Answer 14

salmonella

Question 15

long incubation period (2-14 days)

Answer 15

campylobacter and e coli 0157

Question 16

get bloody diarrhoea from ?

Answer 16

campylobacter or e coli 0157

Question 17

if get systemic illness from Campylobacter (fever, rigors, flu-like symptoms) give?

Answer 17

Ciprofloxacin or erythromycin for 5 days

Question 18

campylobacter gram positive or negative?

Answer 18

negative

Question 19

incubation period salmonella ?

Answer 19

12-48 hours

Question 20

what do you get salmonella from?

Answer 20

farm animals, especially undercooked chicken

Question 21

if pt at risk treat with?

Answer 21

ciprofloxacin for 5 days

Question 22

who is especially at risk of HUS?

Answer 22

children under 5

Question 23

why do you get petechiae in HUS?

Answer 23

you get thrombocytopaenia

Question 24

most common sign in HUS?

Answer 24

bloody diarrhoea (90%)

Question 25

HUS develops in 10% people infected with VTEC

Answer 25

y

Question 26

tx of e coli 0157 infection?

Answer 26

supportive --> no ABX and check for HUS

Question 27

where do you get e coli 0157 from?

Answer 27

mince and burgers

Question 28

which gram positive anaerobic bacteria produces cooking resistant spores that grow after cooking and produce enterotoxin?

Answer 28

colstridium perfringens

Question 29

what is the winter vomiting disease?

Answer 29

norovirus

Question 30

what ages does it affect?

Answer 30

all ages

Question 31

outbreak on cruise ship, people with abrupt explosive diarrhoea and nausea?

Answer 31

norovirus

Question 32

how does norovirus spread?

Answer 32

Faecal/oral, waterborne, shellfish

Question 33

how do you diagnose?

Answer 33

feacal specimen or vomit swab for PCR

Question 34

tx norovirus?

Answer 34

rehydration is key

Question 35

commonest cause of D/V in children under 3 years?

Answer 35

rotavirus

Question 36

do you get bloody diarrhoea in rotavirus?

Answer 36

mild to severe diarrhoea -no blood

Question 37

Spore forming gram positive, resisntant to dissinfectants?

Answer 37

C difficile

Question 38

what are the signs and symptoms of c diff?

Answer 38

diarrhoea, sometimes bloody, abdo pain

Question 39

how do antibiotics cause c diff?

Answer 39

they destroy bowel flora, allow c diff to predominate, spores, infect other patients

Question 40

how do you lab diagnose c diff?

Answer 40

screening test for presence of organism (GDH) If GDH positive, test for presence of toxin (toxin A and B) culture can be done if strain needs to be typed

Question 41

risk factors for c diff infection?

Answer 41

over 65, immunosuppression, PPI use, hospitalisation, previous CD infection

Question 42

what Cs cause c diff?

Answer 42

clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav, claithromycin

Question 43

treatment of c diff?

Answer 43

less severe - oral metronidazole | severe - vancomycin

Question 44

what kind of things cause travellers diarrhoea?

Answer 44

enterotoxigenic e coli, campylobacter, salmonella, shigella, notovirus, rotavirus

Question 45

is bacillus cereus an axo or endtoxin?

Answer 45

exo

Question 46

crytptosporidium - what kind of organism are they?

Answer 46

protozoa

Question 47

crytptosporidium cysts stain with ?

Answer 47

ziehl neelsen

Question 48

how do you diagnose typhoid/paratyphoid fever

Answer 48

blood cultures

Question 49

signs and symptoms of typhoid?

Answer 49

fever/headache, constipation, dry cough

Question 50

treatment of typhoid?

Answer 50

diagnose by BLOOD CULTURES, treatment is azythromycin

Question 51

o Protozoan infection spread by faeco-oral route or by ill/asympatomatic carrier o Areas of poor sanitation

Answer 51

- Amoebiasis

Question 52

what would you see over the right lung base in amoebiasis?

Answer 52

large opacity --> amoebic liver abcess

Question 53

how is cryptosporidium spread and how is it treated?

Answer 53

person to person --> supportive tx

Question 54

for c diff, if screening test positive and toxin test negative, what is the result?

Answer 54

indeterminate, assess pt and send repeat specimen

Question 55

Travel to areas where water supply may be contaminated, swimming in ponds C/F: diarrhoea, flatulence, abdo cramps, epigastria pain, nausea, vomiting

Answer 55

giardia lambia

Question 56

diagnosis and treatment guardia lambia ?

Answer 56

stool examination for ova and parasites and metronidazole for 1 week

Question 57

what is characteristic of a c diff infection ?

Answer 57

raised white cell count