Colon Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

precursors to colon cancer?

A

adenomatous polyps

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2
Q

treatment of colon cancer?

A

surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy

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3
Q

what is Dukes a, b and c?

A

Dukes A - confined to muscularis propria
Dukes B - throough muscular propria
Dukes C - metastatic to lymph nodes

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4
Q

what other staging can be used in colon cancer, other than Dukes?

A

TNM

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5
Q

what is more common? left sided or right sided colon cancer?

A

left sided (75%)

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6
Q

General signs?

A

anaemia, cachexia, lymphadenopahy, mass hepatomegaly,distension mass, blood

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7
Q

what in diet makes colorectal cancer more likely?

A

diet rich in fat and meat, low in fibre

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8
Q

what are the two best predictors for colorectal cancer?

A

age and family history

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9
Q

which IBD is heavily assocaited with colorectal cancer?

A

UC

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10
Q

cancer of the small bowel, common?

A

very rare, although it has very high cell turnover

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11
Q

many of genes associated with colon cancer are found on ?

A

5q and 18q

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12
Q

name of the lymph node at the umbilicus which is a sign on metastatic spread ?

A

sister mary joseph nodule

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13
Q

thinking about anatomy, where is spread of colorectal cancer to?

A

liver

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14
Q

how does colorectal cancer spread?

A

through bowel wall to local lymph nodes

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15
Q

when would you use a barium enema?

A

where colonoscop cannot be performed

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16
Q

Dukes stage D?

A

widespread metastases

17
Q

how do you check for mets?

A

CT chest, pelvis and abdo

18
Q

treatment of choice for Dukes A-C

A

Resection

19
Q

when can radio and chemotherapy be used?

A

Dukes B and C

20
Q

treatment in Dukes D?

A

palliative

21
Q

how big a margin do you leave on each side of the tumour

A

2cm

22
Q

what is usually done surgically after tumour recessed?

A

anastamoses

23
Q

outcome compared to lung cancer or gastric cancer ?

A

better

24
Q

how long to live once metastatic disease has been diagnosed?

A

6 months

25
Q

does an ademona have the potential to become malignant?

A

yes

26
Q

a rare finding, reflecting something that polyps secrete?

A

hyperkalaemia secreted by polyps

27
Q

which mutations occur in 75% of carcinomas?

A

P53- mutations to this occur in more than 75% of carcinomas.

28
Q

you can sometimes get protein in ascites - why would this happen?

A

local spread into peritoneal cavity

29
Q

where can bowel cancer spread to ?

A

LIVER, lungs, bone

30
Q

alternating bowel habit - left or right sided cancer?

A

right

31
Q

iron deficiency anaemia more common on right or left sided colorectal cancer?

A

right

32
Q

high risk of Recurrence in ?

A

Rectal cancers

33
Q

what are FOBT used for?

A

screening

34
Q

downside of barium enema?

A

misses all the detail that would be picked up on colonoscopy

35
Q

what is used as chemotherapy ?

A

5 flurouracil

36
Q

what is FAP?

A

familial adenomatous polyposis

37
Q

what do patients with FAP have?

A

more than 100 polyps lining the colon

38
Q

less than 100 polyps?

A

HNPCC