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GI > gastric cancer > Flashcards

gastric cancer Flashcards

1
Q

more common in males or females?

A

males

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2
Q

where is it most common in the world?

A

South America and Japan (due to diet)

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3
Q

risk factors for gastric cancer?

A 
smoking 
nitrates in diet 
genetic 
h pylori infection 
atrophy of stomach tissue
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4
Q

symptoms?

A 
dyspepsia
weight loss
anorexia
vomiting
feeling of fullness
anaemia
mass 
virschows node
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5
Q

where is virschows node?

A

left supraclavicular lymph node

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6
Q

what kind of cancer is usually always it?

A

adenocarcinoma of the mucous secreting cells of gastric pits

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7
Q

most common mutation associated with gastric cancer?

A

p53

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8
Q

investigations for gastric cancer?

A

endoscopy

USS

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9
Q

what is done to stage the disease and which type of staging is used?

A

CT scan

TNM staging

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10
Q

treatment of gastric cancer?

A

resection, although tumours usually present too late to be operated on

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11
Q

5 year survival of gastric cancer?

A

10%

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12
Q

what is a large precipitating factor for gastric lymphoma?

A

h pylori

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13
Q

age for gastric cancer?

A

very rare in people under 30

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14
Q

why are there higher rates in china, south america, japan and scandanavia?

A

diet high in nitrates

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15
Q

how does h pylori lead to gastric cancer?

A

causes inflammation, leading to gastritis, leading to gastric atrophy which can lead to gastric carcinoma

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16
Q

what is FAP?

A

familial, adenomatous polyps

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17
Q

patients who present with obvious physical signs such as palpable mass or lymph nodes. stage of disease?

A

almost certainly incurable

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18
Q

most common symptoms?

A

weight loss and dyspepsia, vomiting and nausea

19
Q

red flag symptoms that warrant endoscopy immediately?

A 
Chronic GI Bleeding
Dysphagia
Progressive weight loss
Iron deficiency anaemia
Persistent vomiting
Epigastric mass
Suspicious barium meal result
20
Q

what symptom in a patient >55 warrants an endoscopy immediately?

A

sudden onset dysepsia

21
Q

early cancers are confined to ?

A

mucosa and submucosa

22
Q

virtually all gastric cancers are which type?

A

adenocarcinomas of the mucous secreting cells in the base of the gastric pits

23
Q

the tumour is described as being either ________ or _________?

A

intestinal or diffuse

24
Q

which are associated with h pylori?

A

intestinal h pylorintestinal

25
Q

which tend to occur in younger patients ?

A

diffuse

26
Q

first degree relatives of those with gastric cancer have what risk ?

A

2/3x greater risk developing disease

27
Q

can ulcers develop into cancer?

A

no, benign ulcers cannot develop into cancer (however some cancers can cause ulceration = malignant ulceration)
benign ulcers cannot become malignant ulcers

28
Q

what percentage of people present with late gastric cancer?

A

80%

29
Q

course of disease?

A

Initially there will be chronic gastritis leading to atrophy, then onto metaplasia, and premalignant dysplasia, finally ending up at malignancy.

30
Q

where can gastric cancer spread?

A

lymphatically to Virchow’s node, and can spread via venous blood to the liver and ovaries (Krukenburg tumours). Spread also occurs directly to the pancreas, depending on the initial tumour location, and can also spread to the spleen and transverse colon, perhaps by fistulation.

31
Q

T4 N3 M1 treatment ?

A

palliative

32
Q

what does surgery involve?

A

total or partial resection of the stomach and removing lymph nodes

33
Q

why do you get anaemia post surgery?

A

the loss of intrinsic factor due to the fact you have removed the parietal cells in the stomach

34
Q

chemo may be offered to some people following surgery

A

y

35
Q

what is the treatment of h pylori?

A

triple therapy

36
Q

in diffuse stomach cancer, which cells are seen on biopsy?

A

signet ring cells

37
Q

another name for gastric lymphoma?

A

maltoma

38
Q

what is linitis plastica?

A

is a morphological variant of diffuse (or infiltrating) stomach cancer. Causes of linitis plastica could be lye ingestion or metastatic infiltration of the stomach, particularly breast and lung carcinoma.

39
Q

what is helicobacter triple therapy?

A

a week of omeprazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin/metronidazole

40
Q

salmonella tx?

A

ciprofloxacin or cefotaxime

41
Q

what is haemolytic uraemia syndrome?

A

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a disease characterized by a triad of hemolytic anemia (anemia caused by destruction of red blood cells), acute kidney failure (uremia), and a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia).

42
Q

which blood group is associated with gastric cancer?

A

blood group A - gAstric cAncer

43
Q

which skin condition is associated with gastric cancer?

A

acanthosis nigricans

44
Q

which skin condition is associated with oesophageal cancer?

A

tylosis

GI (22 decks)

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