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Q4 Clin Med III (GI) > GI Diagnostics > Flashcards

GI Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal X-Ray findings:

Black?

White?

Grey?

Dark grey?

Intense white?

A

Black = gas

White = calcification

Grey = soft tissue

Dark grey = fat

Intense white = metal

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2
Q

3-Way View Abd X-Ray Series includes?

A

1) Ant/Post w/ pt supine (KUB)
2) A/P w/ pt upright (better visual of fluids)
3) Post/Ant (sees air under diaph, chest path)

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3
Q

3-Way View Abd X-Ray Series indicated when?

A

Abd pain, N/V, distention

suspected intest obstr, perforation, intuss

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4
Q

Abd X-Ray findings w/ Obstruction?

A

dilated bowel proximal to obstr,
collapsed bowel distal,
air fluid levels

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5
Q

Paralytic Ileus is?

Abd X-Ray findings w/ Paralytic Ileus?

A

Non-mechanical obstr (bowel doesn’t work but not because of obstruction)

dilated bowel
gas in small and large intest

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6
Q

Abd X-Ray findings w/ Perforation?

A

free air outside bowel

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7
Q

Abdominal US findings:

Dark?

White?

A

Dark = hypoechoic
e.g. aorta, bile ducts, abscess, cyst

White = echogenic (solid)
e.g. tumors

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8
Q

Doppler US provides info on what?

A

blood flow

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9
Q

Abd US indicated when? (7)

A 
Abd pain
Elevated LFTs
Liver dz
Renal fail
Pancreas
Gallbladder (preferred test for this)
S/P (status post) kidney, liver, pancreas transplant
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10
Q

Abd US (P) findings?

A

cysts, abscess, tumor,
dilated bowel duct,
gallstones/polyps
inflammation

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11
Q

Abdominal/Pelvic CT typically used for what organs?

A

renal
GU
pelvic

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12
Q

CT contrast?

A

IV or PO iodine

No contrast used for renal CTs

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13
Q

Ant/Post CT indicated when? (5)

A 
Abd pain/distention
N/V
Diarrhea/Constipation
Rectal bleeed
Jaundice
Pancreatic (preferred test for this)
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14
Q

Ant/Post CT (P) findings?

A

similar to US

Spleen tumor, lacer, hematoma, splenic vein thrombosis

Abd Aorta aneurysm

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15
Q

A/P CT findings w/ Pancreatitis?

A 
Acute = inflamm
Chronic = calcifications
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16
Q

Other uses for A/P CT? (3)

A

Virtual colonoscopy/angiography

Visualization during bx or aspiration

Monitor dzs

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17
Q

A/P CT contraindication? (5)

A 
Preggos
Unstable pts
Obesity
Contrast allergy
High creatinine
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18
Q

A/P CT complications? (2)

A

Contrast allergy

Contrast-caused acute renal fail

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19
Q

A/P CT precautions?

A

Metformin - must hold for 48 hrs post contrast (cause acidosis)

High radiation

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20
Q

HIDA Scan is?

A

Hepatoiminodiacetic Acid Scan,
gallbladder nuclear scan,
cholescintigraphy

IV radioactive tracer extracted by liver, excreted into bile into gallbladder

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21
Q

HIDA Scan ordered w/ what for best results?

A

CCK (cholecystokinin) stim test and ejection fraction

22
Q

HIDA indicated when?

A

suspected acalculous cholecystitis

non-stone obstruction of cystic duct causing inflamm of gallbladder

23
Q

HIDA findings w/ acalculous cholecystitis? (3)

A

No radionuclide in GB w/i 60 min

Ejection fraction < 35%

Test reproduced sxs

24
Q

HIDA contraindications?

A

No preggos

25
Q

Upper GI (UGI) Series is?

Used for?

A

Fluoroscopy (real-time moving x-ray) w/ barium sulfate contrast

visualization of esophagus, stomach, start of duodenum

26
Q

Esophagram/Barium Swallow is?

A

Like UGI but on throat and esophagus only

27
Q

UGI indicated when? (5)

A 
Dysphagia
GERD sxs
Early satiety
PUD
Obst/inflamm
28
Q

UGI (P) findings?

A

Hiatal hernia (stom above diaph)

Cancers (strictures, obstr, filling defects, tumors)

Ulcers
Diverticula
Extrinsic compression
Perforation

29
Q

UGI for perforations, use what contrast?

A

H2O-soluble Gastrografin

30
Q

UGI contraindications? (4)

A

Preggos
Complete bowel obstruction
Suspected upper GI perforation
Unstable vitals

31
Q

UGI complications? (2)

A

Aspiration

Constipation from barium

32
Q

Barium Enema is?

A

Lower GI series:
barium w/ fluoroscopy of colon and distal small bowel

(P) alternate to colonoscopy

33
Q

Barium Enema (P) therapeutic use?

A

reduce non-strangulated intuss

34
Q

Barium Enema findings?

A

similar to UGI

Inflamm bowel dz (appears as narrowed colon due to swollen bowel walls)

35
Q

Barium Enema contraindication? (4)

A

Preggos
Megacolon
Suspected perf
Unstable vitals

36
Q

Barium Enema complications? (2)

A

Perforation

Fecal impact from barium

37
Q

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is?

A

Direct visual of up GI w/ fiberoptic scope

Diagnostic and therapeutic

38
Q

EGD indicated when? (10)

A 
Weight loss/Dysphagia/Early satiety
Epigastric pain
N/V abd pain
GERD
Esoph varices (swollen v.v.)
Hematemesis/Melena
Iron def anemia
Abn UGI
Enteropathies (e.g. celiac)
Obstruction
39
Q

EGD findings?

A 
similar to UGI
Arteriovenous malformations
Obstructions
Web/Rings (narrowings)
Infection
40
Q

EGD contraindications? (4)

A

Bleed
Perforation
Esoph diverticula (risk perf)
Recent GI surgery

41
Q

EGD complications? (3)

A

Perforation
Bleed if bx
Aspiration of gastric contents

42
Q

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is?

A

Fiberoptic scope w/ radio dye of Bile and Pancreas

43
Q

Magnetic Resonance CP is?

A

MR used to visual biliary tree and pancreatic ducts

44
Q

ERCP indicated when?

A

Obstructive jaundice

Obstruction of bile/pancrea ducts

45
Q

ERCP therapeutic uses?

A

Sphincterotomies
Stone removal
Stent placement
Biopsy

46
Q

ERCP contraindications? (2)

A

Inaccessible ampulla of Vater

Acute pancreatitis

47
Q

ERCP complications? (4)

A

Pancreatitis
Perforation
G- blood infect
Aspiration of gastric content

48
Q

Colonoscopy is?

A

fiberoptic scope of rectum, colon, terminal ileum

Diagnostic and therapeutic

Requires bowel prep

49
Q

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy?

A

Same as colonoscopy but limited to rectum and sigmoid

50
Q

Colonoscopy indicated when? (6)

A 
CA screen/polyp removal/Bx
Inflamm bowel dz
Hematochezia/Diarr
Abnormal BE or CT
Foreign body removal
Decompress volvulus (twisted bowel)
51
Q

Colonoscopy contraindications? (5)

A 
Severe bleeding
Perforation
Recent colon surgery
Toxic megacolon
Active diverticulitis
52
Q

Colonoscopy complications? (2)

A

Perforation

Bleeding

Q4 Clin Med III (GI) (32 decks)

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