Exam 2 PANCREATIC DZ Flashcards
Pancreas vascular supply?
Celiac axis
SMA
Pancreas innervation?
Autonomic
Pancreas fxn: Exocrine?
Other contents of juice? (2)
Juice release stim by? (3)
Breakdown of:
Starch (Amylase)
Fat (Lipase)
Protein (Protease)
Bicarb, e-
Gastric acid
Cholecystokinin
Vagal stim
Pancreas fxn: Endocrine?
Insulin release (response to high glucose)
Glucagon release (response to low glucose)
Acute Pancreatitis is?
Inflamm dz -> premature activation of protealytic enz -> autodigestion of pancreas
Acute Pancreatitis caused by? (6)
EtOH (Toxins) Gallstones (Mechanical) Hypertrigly (Metabolic) Ischemia (Vascular) Viral Genetic
Acute Pancreatitis presentation: OLDCARS
Acute, P post meal Midepigast -> back radiation Constant Steady, boring Supine Tripod Anorexia, N/V, distention
Acute Pancreatitis presentation: exam findings
Vitals?
Skin?
Abd:
Other? (2)
Fever, tachy/tachy, +/- hypoTN
Jaundice if obstruction
hypoactive or no BS
tender w/ or w/o guarding/rebound
Cullen’s Sign: periumbil ecchy
Grey-Turner’s Sign: flank ecchy
Acute Pancreatitis labs? (9)
Amylase = ↑ Lipase = ↑ WBC = ↑ HCT = ↑ Cr = ↑ Glu = mild ↑ LFT = transient ↑ Ca2+ = ↓ ABG = P ↓
Acute Pancreatitis imaging? (5)
XRay = r/o obstruction/perf US = stones CT = edema, inflamm, calcif, necrosis, abscess MRCP EUS = newest/best
Acute Pancreatitis tx? (6)
Admit Tx underlying dz NPO IV fluids! Pain (Demerol) P abx (Imipenem)
Acute Pancreatitis: signs of complications?
↓ urine/↑ Cr
Resp fail
↑pain, fever, leukocytosis
Acute Pancreatitis: Complications
Pseudocyst?
Abscess?
Ascites?
fluid/debris collection w/ fibrotic wall
infected pseudocyst or necrotic area
leaking duct or pseudocyst
Acute Pancreatitis: Systemic Complications
Pulmon?
Renal?
Card?
GI?
Metabolic?
Pulmonary fail, edema, effusion, atelectasis
Renal fail
hypoTN/shock
ileus
hypergly/hypoCa2+
Chronic Pancreatitis is?
Repeat episodes of acute inflamm ->
permanent structural damage/obstruction
Chronic Pancreatitis caused by? (4)
EtOH (80%)
Repeat acute pancr
Cystic fibrosis
Hereditary
Chronic Pancreatitis presentation?
Triad?
Epigastric pain aggravated by EtOH, fat
DM (endo dysf)
Steatorrhea (exo dysf)
Pancreatic calcification
Chronic Pancreatitis induced Exocrine Insuff causes?
Endocrine Insuff causes?
Malabsorp -> steatorrhea, wgt loss
Diabetes (damages α, β cells)
Chronic Pancreatitis labs? (4)
Amylase/Lipase = N or slight ↑
Bilirubin/Alk Phos = mild ↑
Glu = ↑
72hr Fecal Fat Test = ↑
Chronic Pancreatitis imaging? (4)
XRay = P scattered calcification CT = calcif, ductal dilation, pseudocysts MRCP = good view pancr/bili ducts ERCP = chain-of-lakes DIAGNOSTIC
Chronic Pancreatitis tx? (3)
Behavior (EtOH, tobacco, fat)
Pancr enz supplements (Creon)
DM tx w/ insulin
Pain
Chronic Pancreatitis Pain tx? (6)
Pancreatic supplements 1st Amitriptyline or SSRI Long-act narcotics (MS Contin) Endoscopic ductal dilation, stenting Nerve block (celiac plexus) Resection
Pancreatic CA U located?
U what type?
head of pancr
adenocarc
∴ 15% of cysts are CA
Pancreatic CA risk factors? (8)
M > F Blacks > 45yo Smoke/EtOH Chronic pancr DM Obese FHX
Pancreatic CA presentation? (6)
U Abd pain: Gnawing epigast w/ radiation to back
Bloating Early satiety/anorexia Wgt loss Jaundice Steatorr
Pancreatic CA exam findings? (5)
Cachexia (wasting) Jaundice/Icterus L supraclavicular LN (Virchow's) Ascites Palp GB (Courvoisier's Sign)
Pancreatic CA labs? (5)
Amylase/Lipase = mild ↑ Bilirubin/Alk Phos = ↑ Glucose intolerance Mild anemia CA 19-9 (carbohydrate antigen) = 90% sen/spec for pancr CA
Pancreatic CA imaging? (3)
US = dilated CBD, head mass ERCP = DIAGNOSTIC, Double-Duct Sign CT = Dx and staging
Pancreatic CA tx?
Prognosis?
Resection is only cure
Poor