Exam 3 Neuro Studies

Question 1

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is?

Answer 1

Electrode recording of brain activity

Question 2

EEG indicated when? (5)

Answer 2

Seizures
Metabolic encephalopathy
Trauma/Anoxia
Tumors
Cerebrovascular dz

Question 3

EEG findings:

Epileptiform?

Focal d/c’s/Spikes?

Generalized slowing?

Psychogenic seizures?

Answer 3

Epileptiform = seizures

Focal d/c’s/Spikes = tumor, infarct, scar tissue

Generalized slowing = encephalopathy, anoxia

Psychogenic seizures = normal EEG w/ seizure activity

Question 4

Electromyogram (EMG) is?

Answer 4

Study of Electrical activity of mm fibers/motor units

Needle into mm

Question 5

EMG tells us?

Used for what? (4)

Answer 5

If mm weakness if from nn disorder

LMN dz (e.g ALS)
NMJ dz (e.g. Myasthenia Gravis)
Muscular dz (Myopathy)
Peripheral Nerve dz (carpal tunnel, peripheral neuropathy)

Question 6

Nerve Conduction Studies measure what?

Answer 6

Rate of nn conduction and response of periph nn

Question 7

Nerve Conduction Studies tell us?

Answer 7

Diff b/w primary nn and mm disorder
Diff b/w LMN dz and periph neuropathy
Find sensory nn abnormalities
Axonopathy (↓ amplitude)
Demyelination (↓ conduction rate)

Question 8

Pain Films for neuroimaging used when? (4)

Answer 8

Degenerative dz (osteo, disk collapse)
Trauma
Metabolic dz
CA

Question 9

CT for neuroimaging used when? (9)

Answer 9

LOC
Persistent neuro dysfxn
Persistent vomiting
GCS < 8
Retrograde or antegrade amnesia
Post-trauma seizure
Stroke
HAs
Mental changes

Question 10

CT for thrombolytic meds?

Answer 10

Mandatory to r/o hemorrhagic stroke before meds

Non-contrast

Question 11

MRI indicated when? (5)

Answer 11

Tumors
Vascular dz
Inflamm/infect
MS
Spine degeneration

Question 12

MRI T1 better for?

Answer 12

normal anatomy

shows uptake of energy

Question 13

MRI T2 better for?

Answer 13

pathology

shows release of energy

Question 14

Brain tumor Study of choice?

Answer 14

MRI w/ gadolinium

Question 15

CT/MRI indicated if acute onset of what? (6)

Answer 15

New vision loss
Aphasia (no understanding or expression of speech)
MS change
Abn senses
Motor paralysis
Vertigo w/ HA, diplopia, poor coord, can’t speak

Question 16

CT/MRI indicated for HAs when? (6)

Answer 16

Worst of my life
New HA w/ CA or HIV
w/ papilledema
w/ neuro deficit
w/ mental changes
worse w/ exertion, position, wakes up at night

Question 17

MRI of spine indicated when? (6)

Answer 17

Radiculopathy
High impact trauma
New or progressive deficit
Suspect tumor/infection
Neurogenic claudication
New back pain w/ CA

Question 18

Angiography is?

Indicated when?

Answer 18

Contrast into femoral vessels

Need definitive anatomy

Question 19

Myelography is?

Indicated when?

Answer 19

Radiopaque dye into thecal space

Spinal cord pathology

Question 20

Lumbar puncture indicated when?

Contraindicated when?

Answer 20

Eval CSF for meningitis

papilledema
↑ ICP