GI

Question 1

AD mutation of APC tumor suppressor gene on 5q21; thousands of polyps

Answer 1

Familial adenomatous polyposis

Question 2

FAP + osseous and soft tissue tumors, congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium, impacted supernumerary teeth

Answer 2

Gardener’s Syndrome

Question 3

FAP/Lynch syndrome + malignant CNS tumor (medulloblastoma, glioma)

Answer 3

Turcot syndrome

Question 4

AD syndrome featureing numerous hamartomas throughout GI tract w/ hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands and genetalia

Associated w/ increased risk of breast and GI cancers

Answer 4

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Question 5

AD syndrome in children featuring numerous hamartomatous polyps in the colon, stomach, and small bowel.

Associated with increased risk of CRC

Answer 5

Juvenile polyposis syndrome

Question 6

hiatal hernias and chronic alcoholism are predisposing factors to…

Answer 6

Mallory-Weiss tears

Question 7

transmural tears in the distal esophagus that is surrounded by normal appearing adjacent mucosa

Answer 7

Mallory Weiss tears

Question 8

What kind of activities are Mallory Weiss tears associated with?

Answer 8

violent retching/vomiting, straining from stooling or lifting, coughing on blunt abdominal injury

Question 9

bowel sounds over the L lung base and retrocardiac mass with/without air fluid levels

Answer 9

hiatal hernia

Question 10

when stomach herniates through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Answer 10

hiatal hernia

Question 11

causes of hiatal hernias

Answer 11

congenital defect of the pleuroperitoneal membrane or trauma

Question 12

GE jxn is displaced upward as cardia of stomach herniates upward into esophageal hiatus

Answer 12

sliding hiatal hernia

Question 13

GE jxn is normal but gastric fundus protrudes into the thorax

Answer 13

paraesophageal hiatal hernia

Question 14

herniation d/t weakness in the transversalis fascia

Answer 14

direct inguinal hernia

Question 15

secreted by D cells

Answer 15

somatostatin

Question 16

secreted by I cells

Answer 16

CCK

Question 17

secreted by K cells

Answer 17

glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide

Question 18

secreted by S cells

Answer 18

secretin

Question 19

secreted by parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, and SI

Answer 19

VIP

Question 20

secreted by P/D1 cells in the stomach

Answer 20

ghrelin

Question 21

secreted by chief cells

Answer 21

pepsin

Question 22

secreted by parietal cells

Answer 22

gastric acid and intrinsic factor

Question 23

secreted by mucosal cells in the duodenum, salivary glands and pancreas, and Brunner glands in the duodenum

Answer 23

bicarbonate

Question 24

hepatic adenomas are associated with…

Answer 24

OCP use and pregnancy

Question 25

risk of hepatic adenoma rupture is highest when?

Answer 25

pregnancy

Question 26

MC benign liver tumor:

Answer 26

cavernous hemangioma

Question 27

biopsy is CI in suspected cavernous hemangioma d/t…

Answer 27

risk of hemorrhage

Question 28

malignant tumor of endothelial origin associated with exposure to vinyl chloride or arsenic

Answer 28

angiosarcoma

Question 29

focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver is associated with…

Answer 29

OCP use

Question 30

tx for primary biliary cirrhosis

Answer 30

ursodeoxycholic acid to slow dz progress and eventual liver transplant

Question 31

function of PPAR-gamma

Answer 31

binds to a coactivator in a transcriptional regulatory sequence of genes for glucose and lipid metabolism

Question 32

decreases the enzyme activity responsible for gluconeogenesis in hepatic microsomes

Answer 32

metformin

Question 33

origin of IMA on aorta

Answer 33

L3

Question 34

origin of SMA on aorta

Answer 34

L1

Question 35

origin of testicular/ovarian a. on aorta

Answer 35

L2

Question 36

origin of celiac trunk on aorta

Answer 36

T12