GI Flashcards

1
Q

AD mutation of APC tumor suppressor gene on 5q21; thousands of polyps

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

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2
Q

FAP + osseous and soft tissue tumors, congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium, impacted supernumerary teeth

A

Gardener’s Syndrome

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3
Q

FAP/Lynch syndrome + malignant CNS tumor (medulloblastoma, glioma)

A

Turcot syndrome

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4
Q

AD syndrome featureing numerous hamartomas throughout GI tract w/ hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands and genetalia

Associated w/ increased risk of breast and GI cancers

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

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5
Q

AD syndrome in children featuring numerous hamartomatous polyps in the colon, stomach, and small bowel.

Associated with increased risk of CRC

A

Juvenile polyposis syndrome

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6
Q

hiatal hernias and chronic alcoholism are predisposing factors to…

A

Mallory-Weiss tears

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7
Q

transmural tears in the distal esophagus that is surrounded by normal appearing adjacent mucosa

A

Mallory Weiss tears

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8
Q

What kind of activities are Mallory Weiss tears associated with?

A

violent retching/vomiting, straining from stooling or lifting, coughing on blunt abdominal injury

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9
Q

bowel sounds over the L lung base and retrocardiac mass with/without air fluid levels

A

hiatal hernia

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10
Q

when stomach herniates through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

A

hiatal hernia

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11
Q

causes of hiatal hernias

A

congenital defect of the pleuroperitoneal membrane or trauma

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12
Q

GE jxn is displaced upward as cardia of stomach herniates upward into esophageal hiatus

A

sliding hiatal hernia

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13
Q

GE jxn is normal but gastric fundus protrudes into the thorax

A

paraesophageal hiatal hernia

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14
Q

herniation d/t weakness in the transversalis fascia

A

direct inguinal hernia

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15
Q

secreted by D cells

A

somatostatin

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16
Q

secreted by I cells

17
Q

secreted by K cells

A

glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide

18
Q

secreted by S cells

19
Q

secreted by parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, and SI

20
Q

secreted by P/D1 cells in the stomach

21
Q

secreted by chief cells

22
Q

secreted by parietal cells

A

gastric acid and intrinsic factor

23
Q

secreted by mucosal cells in the duodenum, salivary glands and pancreas, and Brunner glands in the duodenum

A

bicarbonate

24
Q

hepatic adenomas are associated with…

A

OCP use and pregnancy

25
risk of hepatic adenoma rupture is highest when?
pregnancy
26
MC benign liver tumor:
cavernous hemangioma
27
biopsy is CI in suspected cavernous hemangioma d/t...
risk of hemorrhage
28
malignant tumor of endothelial origin associated with exposure to vinyl chloride or arsenic
angiosarcoma
29
focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver is associated with...
OCP use
30
tx for primary biliary cirrhosis
ursodeoxycholic acid to slow dz progress and eventual liver transplant
31
function of PPAR-gamma
binds to a coactivator in a transcriptional regulatory sequence of genes for glucose and lipid metabolism
32
decreases the enzyme activity responsible for gluconeogenesis in hepatic microsomes
metformin
33
origin of IMA on aorta
L3
34
origin of SMA on aorta
L1
35
origin of testicular/ovarian a. on aorta
L2
36
origin of celiac trunk on aorta
T12