GI Flashcards
AD mutation of APC tumor suppressor gene on 5q21; thousands of polyps
Familial adenomatous polyposis
FAP + osseous and soft tissue tumors, congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium, impacted supernumerary teeth
Gardener’s Syndrome
FAP/Lynch syndrome + malignant CNS tumor (medulloblastoma, glioma)
Turcot syndrome
AD syndrome featureing numerous hamartomas throughout GI tract w/ hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands and genetalia
Associated w/ increased risk of breast and GI cancers
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
AD syndrome in children featuring numerous hamartomatous polyps in the colon, stomach, and small bowel.
Associated with increased risk of CRC
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
hiatal hernias and chronic alcoholism are predisposing factors to…
Mallory-Weiss tears
transmural tears in the distal esophagus that is surrounded by normal appearing adjacent mucosa
Mallory Weiss tears
What kind of activities are Mallory Weiss tears associated with?
violent retching/vomiting, straining from stooling or lifting, coughing on blunt abdominal injury
bowel sounds over the L lung base and retrocardiac mass with/without air fluid levels
hiatal hernia
when stomach herniates through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
hiatal hernia
causes of hiatal hernias
congenital defect of the pleuroperitoneal membrane or trauma
GE jxn is displaced upward as cardia of stomach herniates upward into esophageal hiatus
sliding hiatal hernia
GE jxn is normal but gastric fundus protrudes into the thorax
paraesophageal hiatal hernia
herniation d/t weakness in the transversalis fascia
direct inguinal hernia
secreted by D cells
somatostatin
secreted by I cells
CCK
secreted by K cells
glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide
secreted by S cells
secretin
secreted by parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, and SI
VIP
secreted by P/D1 cells in the stomach
ghrelin
secreted by chief cells
pepsin
secreted by parietal cells
gastric acid and intrinsic factor
secreted by mucosal cells in the duodenum, salivary glands and pancreas, and Brunner glands in the duodenum
bicarbonate
hepatic adenomas are associated with…
OCP use and pregnancy