GI Flashcards
1
Q
Corkscrew XR
A
Esophageal spasm
2
Q
Apple core XR
A
Cancer
3
Q
Stacked coin XR
A
Intussusception
4
Q
Abrupt cutoff in XR
A
Volvulus
5
Q
Bird’s beak XR
A
Achalasia
6
Q
String sign on XR
A
Pyloric Stenosis
7
Q
Causes of Solid Dysphagia
A
Schatzki’s RingsStricturesCancer
8
Q
Schatzki’s Rings
A
LEW
9
Q
Causes of Liquid Dysphagia
A
SclerodermaAchalasiaEsophageal spasm
10
Q
Barrett’s Esophagus
A
MetaplasiaIncreased risk of adenocarcinoma
11
Q
Esophageal Varicies
A
d/t Portal HTNVomit blood when they rupture
12
Q
Mallory-Weiss
A
Chronic vomitersTear at LES mucosa
13
Q
Boorhave’s Esophagus
A
Transmural rupture of the esophagus
14
Q
Achalasia
A
Increased LES pressureDecreased peristalsisLoss of LES Auerbach’s plexus Bird’s beak on XR
15
Q
Hirschsprung’s
A
Congenital lack of Auerbach’s in the rectumNewborn won’t pass meconium
16
Q
Zenker’s Diverticulum
A
Above UESCough undigested foodHalitosis
17
Q
Traction Diverticulum
A
Below UES
18
Q
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
A
UEWSpoon nailsd/t Iron deficiency anemia
19
Q
TE Fistula (H-type)
A
Choke with each feeding
20
Q
Esophageal Atresia with TE Fistula (C-type)
A
Vomit with 1st feedingHuge gastric bubble
21
Q
Duodenal Atresia
A
Bilious vomiting with 1st feedingDouble bubbleDown’s Syndrome
22
Q
Pyloric Stenosis
A
Projectile (non-bilious) vomiting RUQ olive sign
23
Q
Choanal Atresia
A
Turns blue with feeding
24
Q
Sclerodema
A
Decreased LES pressure
25
Esophageal Spasms
Increased peristalsis
26
RUQ Olive mass
Pyloric Stenosis
27
RLQ Sausage mass
Intussusception
28
Bezoar
Mass of undigestable materialAntrum obstruction
29
Type A Gastritis
AIAnti-parietal cell AbAtrophic/AchlorhydriaAdenocarcinoma risk
30
Type B Gastritis
H. pyloriSpicy food
31
Duodenal Ulcer
Loss of barrierPain after meal and during nightRelieved by eating (weight gain)Associated with H. pylori and Type O blood
32
Gastric Ulcer
Loss of barrierPain during mealsAssociated with NSAIDs and Type A blood
33
Sliding Hiatal Hernia
Fundus slides through esophageal hiatus into thorax
34
Rolling Hiatal Hernia
Bowel protrudes through defect in diaphragmStrangulates bowel
35
Menetrier's Disease
Lose protein through thick rugal folds (generalized edema)
36
Constipation
37
Diarrhea
> 200g per day
38
Osmotic diarrhea
Watery
39
Cause of secretory diarrhea
Laxative use
40
Inflammatory
Blood and pus
41
Celiac Sprue
JejunumWheat allergyVillous atrophyAnti-gluten/gliaden Ab
42
Tropical Sprue
Distal ileum
43
Mesenteric Ischemia
Pain out of proportion to exam
44
Bugs that cause bloody diarrhea
CASESCampylobacterAmeoba (E. histolytica)ShigellaE. coliSalmonella
45
Cholangitis
Inflammation of Bile Duct
46
Charcot's Triad
JaundiceFeverRUQ Pain
47
Reynold's Pentad
JaundiceFeverRUQ Pain(+) Hypotension(+) Change in mental status
48
Ascending Cholangitis
Common bile duct infection d/t stone
49
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
p-ANCABile duct inflammationBeadingAssociated with UC
50
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Anti-mitochondrial AbBile ductules destroyedXanthelasma
51
Cholestasis
Obstruction of bile ductPruritis Increased alkaline phosphataseJaundice
52
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gall bladderMurphy sign
53
Cholelithiasis
Formation of gallstonesRUQ pain
54
Choledocholithiasis
Gallstone obstructs bile duct
55
MC Gallstone
Cholesterol
56
Conjugated Bilirubin
Water solubleDirect
57
Unconjugated Bilirubin
Fat solubleIndirect
58
Signs of Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Spider angiomaPalmar erythemaGynecomastia
59
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Build up of liver toxins causing renal failure
60
Xanthoma
Cholesterol build up in tendons
61
High Cholesterol causes
Atherosclerosis
62
Xanthelasma
Triglyceride buildup under eye
63
High Triglycerides cause
Pancreatitis
64
Type 1 Hyperlipidemia
Bad LPL (liver)High Chylomicrons
65
Type 2A Hyperlipidemia
MCBad Clathrin Pit/B100 receptorsHigh LDL
66
Type 2B Hyperlipidemia
Fewer LDL/VLDL receptorsHigh LDL and VLDL
67
Type 3 Hyperlipidemia
Bad ApoEHigh IDL and VLDL
68
Type 4 Hyperlipidemia
Bad LPL (adipose)High VLDL
69
Type 5 Hyperlipidemia
Bad C2High VLDL and Chylomicrons Associated with DM
70
Chylomicrons
Takes triglycerides from GI to liver and endothelium
71
VLDL
Takes triglycerides from liver to adipose
72
IDL
Takes triglycerides from adipose to tissue
73
LDL
Only one to carry cholesterol
74
Breakdown product of VLDL
IDL and LDL
75
Crigler-Najjar Type I
Unconjugated bilirubin buildup in infants
76
Gilbert's Syndrome
Stress leads to uncreased unconjugated bilirubinIncreased load saturates glucuronyl transferaseDeficiency in UDP-glucuronyl transferase
77
Rotor's
Bad bilirubin storage leads to increased conjugated bilirubin
78
Dubin Johnson
Bad bilirubin excretion leads to increased conjugated bilirubin Black liver
79
Cullen's Sign
Hemorrhagic pancreatitisBleeding around umbilicus
80
Turner's Sign
Hemorrhagic pancreatitisBleeding into flank
81
Tests for Pancreatitis
Amylase (sensitive) - breaks down carbsLipase (specific) - breaks down triglycerides
82
Ranson's Criteria
Prognosis of pancreatitis
83
Carcinoid Syndrome
FlushingWheezingDiarrhea
84
How to DX Carcinoid Syndrome
5HIAA in the urine
85
MC primary location for Carcinoid Tumor
Appendix
86
MC metastatic origin for Carcinoid Tumor
Small bowel
87
MC metastatic sites for Carcinoid Tumor
Lung and Heart
88
MC location for benign Carcinoid Tumor
Appendix
89
Currant Jelly Sputum
Klebsiella
90
Currant Jelly Stool
Intussusception
91
Familial Polyposis
100% risk of colon cancer APC defectBegin colonoscopies at age 5
92
Gardener's Syndrome
Familial polyposis with bone tumors
93
Turbot's Syndrome
Familial polyposis with brain tumors
94
Peutz-Jegher Syndrome
Hyperpigmented mucosa
95
Chron's Disease
IBD with:CobblestonesMelenaCreeping fatFistulas
96
Ulcerative Colitis
IBD with:PseudopolypsHematocheziaLead pipe colonToxic megacolon
97
Intussusception
Current jelly stoolStacked coin on XR
98
Diverticulosis presentation
Bleeds (painless)
99
Diverticulitis presentation
LLQ pain
100
Spastic Colon presentation
Intermittent severe cramps
101
IBS presentation
Alternating diarrhea/constipation with HX of stress
102
External Hemorrhoids presentation
Pain on defecation
103
Internal Hemorrhoids presentation
No pain
104
Pesudomembranous Colitis
Overgrowth of C. difficile d/t normal flora being killed off d/t over use of antibiotics
105
Whipple's Disease
T. whippelii destroys GI tract then spreads causing malabsorption and arthralgiasPAS (+)
106
Color of Upper GI Bleed
Brown
107
Color of Lower GI Bleed
Red
108
Adds color to stool
Stercobilinogen oxidized to stercobilin
109
Add color to urine
Urobilinogen oxidized to urobilin
110
Default color of stool
Clay colored
111
Default color of urine
Tea colored
112
Risk Factors for Primary Liver Cancer
Hep B and CAflatoxinVinyl ChlorideAlcoholCCl4Anyline dyesSmokingHemochomatosisBenzeneSchistosomiasis
113
Risk Factors for Esophageal and Gastric Carcinoma
SmokingAlcoholNitratesJapanese
114
Cause of Gastroenteritis within 8 hours of eating
Pre-formed toxin:S. aureus (potato salad)C. perfringens (turkey/ham)B. cerus (fried rice)
115
Bacteria associated with Colon Cancer
S. bovisC. malangosepticus
116
Hepatitis B labs during Window period
HBeAb (+)HBcAb (+)
117
Hepatitis B labs during acute recent infection
HBcAg (+)HBsAg (+)HBcAB (+)
118
Hepatitis B labs within 2 weeks of immunization
HBsAg (+)
119
Hepatitis B labs after more than 2 weeks of immunization
HBsAb (+)
120
Hepatitis B labs of somebody with a previous infection who is now immune
HBcAb (+)HBsAb (+)
121
Hepatitis B labs of somebody who is currently infectious
HBeAg (+)
122
Hepatitis B labs of a chronic carrier
HBsAg (+) for > 6 months
123
Only Statin that is renaly excreted
Preavastatin
124
Statins that need liver enzymes checked every 3 months
AtorvastatinLovastatinSimvastatin
125
MoA of Statins
Inhibit HMG CoA reductaseMost active around 8PM (take at this time for maximum efficacy)
