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PP clues > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Corkscrew XR

A

Esophageal spasm

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2
Q

Apple core XR

A

Cancer

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3
Q

Stacked coin XR

A

Intussusception

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4
Q

Abrupt cutoff in XR

A

Volvulus

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5
Q

Bird’s beak XR

A

Achalasia

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6
Q

String sign on XR

A

Pyloric Stenosis

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7
Q

Causes of Solid Dysphagia

A

Schatzki’s RingsStricturesCancer

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8
Q

Schatzki’s Rings

A

LEW

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9
Q

Causes of Liquid Dysphagia

A

SclerodermaAchalasiaEsophageal spasm

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10
Q

Barrett’s Esophagus

A

MetaplasiaIncreased risk of adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

Esophageal Varicies

A

d/t Portal HTNVomit blood when they rupture

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12
Q

Mallory-Weiss

A

Chronic vomitersTear at LES mucosa

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13
Q

Boorhave’s Esophagus

A

Transmural rupture of the esophagus

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14
Q

Achalasia

A

Increased LES pressureDecreased peristalsisLoss of LES Auerbach’s plexus Bird’s beak on XR

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15
Q

Hirschsprung’s

A

Congenital lack of Auerbach’s in the rectumNewborn won’t pass meconium

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16
Q

Zenker’s Diverticulum

A

Above UESCough undigested foodHalitosis

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17
Q

Traction Diverticulum

A

Below UES

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18
Q

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

A

UEWSpoon nailsd/t Iron deficiency anemia

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19
Q

TE Fistula (H-type)

A

Choke with each feeding

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20
Q

Esophageal Atresia with TE Fistula (C-type)

A

Vomit with 1st feedingHuge gastric bubble

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21
Q

Duodenal Atresia

A

Bilious vomiting with 1st feedingDouble bubbleDown’s Syndrome

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22
Q

Pyloric Stenosis

A

Projectile (non-bilious) vomiting RUQ olive sign

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23
Q

Choanal Atresia

A

Turns blue with feeding

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24
Q

Sclerodema

A

Decreased LES pressure

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25
Q

Esophageal Spasms

A

Increased peristalsis

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26
Q

RUQ Olive mass

A

Pyloric Stenosis

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27
Q

RLQ Sausage mass

A

Intussusception

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28
Q

Bezoar

A

Mass of undigestable materialAntrum obstruction

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29
Q

Type A Gastritis

A

AIAnti-parietal cell AbAtrophic/AchlorhydriaAdenocarcinoma risk

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30
Q

Type B Gastritis

A

H. pyloriSpicy food

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31
Q

Duodenal Ulcer

A

Loss of barrierPain after meal and during nightRelieved by eating (weight gain)Associated with H. pylori and Type O blood

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32
Q

Gastric Ulcer

A

Loss of barrierPain during mealsAssociated with NSAIDs and Type A blood

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33
Q

Sliding Hiatal Hernia

A

Fundus slides through esophageal hiatus into thorax

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34
Q

Rolling Hiatal Hernia

A

Bowel protrudes through defect in diaphragmStrangulates bowel

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35
Q

Menetrier’s Disease

A

Lose protein through thick rugal folds (generalized edema)

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36
Q

Constipation

A
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37
Q

Diarrhea

A

> 200g per day

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38
Q

Osmotic diarrhea

A

Watery

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39
Q

Cause of secretory diarrhea

A

Laxative use

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40
Q

Inflammatory

A

Blood and pus

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41
Q

Celiac Sprue

A

JejunumWheat allergyVillous atrophyAnti-gluten/gliaden Ab

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42
Q

Tropical Sprue

A

Distal ileum

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43
Q

Mesenteric Ischemia

A

Pain out of proportion to exam

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44
Q

Bugs that cause bloody diarrhea

A

CASESCampylobacterAmeoba (E. histolytica)ShigellaE. coliSalmonella

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45
Q

Cholangitis

A

Inflammation of Bile Duct

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46
Q

Charcot’s Triad

A

JaundiceFeverRUQ Pain

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47
Q

Reynold’s Pentad

A

JaundiceFeverRUQ Pain(+) Hypotension(+) Change in mental status

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48
Q

Ascending Cholangitis

A

Common bile duct infection d/t stone

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49
Q

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

A

p-ANCABile duct inflammationBeadingAssociated with UC

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50
Q

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

A

Anti-mitochondrial AbBile ductules destroyedXanthelasma

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51
Q

Cholestasis

A

Obstruction of bile ductPruritis Increased alkaline phosphataseJaundice

52
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of gall bladderMurphy sign

53
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Formation of gallstonesRUQ pain

54
Q

Choledocholithiasis

A

Gallstone obstructs bile duct

55
Q

MC Gallstone

A

Cholesterol

56
Q

Conjugated Bilirubin

A

Water solubleDirect

57
Q

Unconjugated Bilirubin

A

Fat solubleIndirect

58
Q

Signs of Alcoholic Cirrhosis

A

Spider angiomaPalmar erythemaGynecomastia

59
Q

Hepatorenal Syndrome

A

Build up of liver toxins causing renal failure

60
Q

Xanthoma

A

Cholesterol build up in tendons

61
Q

High Cholesterol causes

A

Atherosclerosis

62
Q

Xanthelasma

A

Triglyceride buildup under eye

63
Q

High Triglycerides cause

A

Pancreatitis

64
Q

Type 1 Hyperlipidemia

A

Bad LPL (liver)High Chylomicrons

65
Q

Type 2A Hyperlipidemia

A

MCBad Clathrin Pit/B100 receptorsHigh LDL

66
Q

Type 2B Hyperlipidemia

A

Fewer LDL/VLDL receptorsHigh LDL and VLDL

67
Q

Type 3 Hyperlipidemia

A

Bad ApoEHigh IDL and VLDL

68
Q

Type 4 Hyperlipidemia

A

Bad LPL (adipose)High VLDL

69
Q

Type 5 Hyperlipidemia

A

Bad C2High VLDL and Chylomicrons Associated with DM

70
Q

Chylomicrons

A

Takes triglycerides from GI to liver and endothelium

71
Q

VLDL

A

Takes triglycerides from liver to adipose

72
Q

IDL

A

Takes triglycerides from adipose to tissue

73
Q

LDL

A

Only one to carry cholesterol

74
Q

Breakdown product of VLDL

A

IDL and LDL

75
Q

Crigler-Najjar Type I

A

Unconjugated bilirubin buildup in infants

76
Q

Gilbert’s Syndrome

A

Stress leads to uncreased unconjugated bilirubinIncreased load saturates glucuronyl transferaseDeficiency in UDP-glucuronyl transferase

77
Q

Rotor’s

A

Bad bilirubin storage leads to increased conjugated bilirubin

78
Q

Dubin Johnson

A

Bad bilirubin excretion leads to increased conjugated bilirubin Black liver

79
Q

Cullen’s Sign

A

Hemorrhagic pancreatitisBleeding around umbilicus

80
Q

Turner’s Sign

A

Hemorrhagic pancreatitisBleeding into flank

81
Q

Tests for Pancreatitis

A

Amylase (sensitive) - breaks down carbsLipase (specific) - breaks down triglycerides

82
Q

Ranson’s Criteria

A

Prognosis of pancreatitis

83
Q

Carcinoid Syndrome

A

FlushingWheezingDiarrhea

84
Q

How to DX Carcinoid Syndrome

A

5HIAA in the urine

85
Q

MC primary location for Carcinoid Tumor

86
Q

MC metastatic origin for Carcinoid Tumor

A

Small bowel

87
Q

MC metastatic sites for Carcinoid Tumor

A

Lung and Heart

88
Q

MC location for benign Carcinoid Tumor

89
Q

Currant Jelly Sputum

A

Klebsiella

90
Q

Currant Jelly Stool

A

Intussusception

91
Q

Familial Polyposis

A

100% risk of colon cancer APC defectBegin colonoscopies at age 5

92
Q

Gardener’s Syndrome

A

Familial polyposis with bone tumors

93
Q

Turbot’s Syndrome

A

Familial polyposis with brain tumors

94
Q

Peutz-Jegher Syndrome

A

Hyperpigmented mucosa

95
Q

Chron’s Disease

A

IBD with:CobblestonesMelenaCreeping fatFistulas

96
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

IBD with:PseudopolypsHematocheziaLead pipe colonToxic megacolon

97
Q

Intussusception

A

Current jelly stoolStacked coin on XR

98
Q

Diverticulosis presentation

A

Bleeds (painless)

99
Q

Diverticulitis presentation

100
Q

Spastic Colon presentation

A

Intermittent severe cramps

101
Q

IBS presentation

A

Alternating diarrhea/constipation with HX of stress

102
Q

External Hemorrhoids presentation

A

Pain on defecation

103
Q

Internal Hemorrhoids presentation

104
Q

Pesudomembranous Colitis

A

Overgrowth of C. difficile d/t normal flora being killed off d/t over use of antibiotics

105
Q

Whipple’s Disease

A

T. whippelii destroys GI tract then spreads causing malabsorption and arthralgiasPAS (+)

106
Q

Color of Upper GI Bleed

107
Q

Color of Lower GI Bleed

108
Q

Adds color to stool

A

Stercobilinogen oxidized to stercobilin

109
Q

Add color to urine

A

Urobilinogen oxidized to urobilin

110
Q

Default color of stool

A

Clay colored

111
Q

Default color of urine

A

Tea colored

112
Q

Risk Factors for Primary Liver Cancer

A

Hep B and CAflatoxinVinyl ChlorideAlcoholCCl4Anyline dyesSmokingHemochomatosisBenzeneSchistosomiasis

113
Q

Risk Factors for Esophageal and Gastric Carcinoma

A

SmokingAlcoholNitratesJapanese

114
Q

Cause of Gastroenteritis within 8 hours of eating

A

Pre-formed toxin:S. aureus (potato salad)C. perfringens (turkey/ham)B. cerus (fried rice)

115
Q

Bacteria associated with Colon Cancer

A

S. bovisC. malangosepticus

116
Q

Hepatitis B labs during Window period

A

HBeAb (+)HBcAb (+)

117
Q

Hepatitis B labs during acute recent infection

A

HBcAg (+)HBsAg (+)HBcAB (+)

118
Q

Hepatitis B labs within 2 weeks of immunization

119
Q

Hepatitis B labs after more than 2 weeks of immunization

120
Q

Hepatitis B labs of somebody with a previous infection who is now immune

A

HBcAb (+)HBsAb (+)

121
Q

Hepatitis B labs of somebody who is currently infectious

122
Q

Hepatitis B labs of a chronic carrier

A

HBsAg (+) for > 6 months

123
Q

Only Statin that is renaly excreted

A

Preavastatin

124
Q

Statins that need liver enzymes checked every 3 months

A

AtorvastatinLovastatinSimvastatin

125
Q

MoA of Statins

A

Inhibit HMG CoA reductaseMost active around 8PM (take at this time for maximum efficacy)

PP clues (13 decks)

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