Cell Physio Flashcards
3 exceptions to the water out, fat in rule
ChannelsPoresTransmembrane proteins
RDA for fats, carbs, proteins
Fat = 30% (9cal/g)Proteins = 30% (4 cal/g)Carbohydrates = 40% (4cal/g)
7 functions of a cell membrane
Provide structureTransport (Motility)Active transportHeat/temp regulation Maintain gradientDepolarization Signal transduction
Membrane transportation in a cell
Phagocytosis
Bringing something into a cell
Endocytosis
Removing something from a cell
Exocytosis
Bring water into a cell
Pinocytosis
Two things required for cellular transport
ATP and Actin
Most important substance that is endocytosed
Nutrition
Most important substance that is exocytosed
Waste
Most important waste product produced by cells
Lipofuscin (brown pigment)
Most important factor in the movement of particles
Concentration gradient
How do you concentrate any substance in the body?
ATPase
Secondary active transport
Going with concentration gradient using another substance’s gradient
Most common gradient used for secondary active transport
Na+
Fat soluble and steroid hormone receptors
Have nuclear membrane receptors (except cortisol)Readily cross the membrane
How do nuclear receptors work?
Stimulate the nucleus to perform DNA replication, transcription, translation into proteins by which they manifest their actions
How to differentiate between one fat soluble hormone and another?
By the proteins they make
Factors affecting transportation of water-soluble compounds
SizeChargepH Surface areaMembrane thicknessFluxReflection coefficient Fick’s law
How do ions cross membranes?
Channels
How do medium-sized particles cross membranes?
Pores
How do larger molecules cross membranes?
Transport proteins
How the body gets rid of heat
Vasodilate
How the body keeps heat
Vasoconstricts