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PP clues > Biostats > Flashcards

Biostats Flashcards

1
Q

Mean

A

Average

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2
Q

Median

A

Middle value

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3
Q

Mode

A

Most frequent value

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4
Q

Sensitivity

A

People that have the disease with a (+) test

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5
Q

Specificity

A

People that don’t have the disease with a (-) test

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6
Q

PPV

A

Probability of having a disease with a (+) test

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7
Q

NPV

A

Probability of not having a disease with a (-) test

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8
Q

Incidence

A

New cases (rate per unit time)

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9
Q

Prevalence

A

Total cases (at one time)

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10
Q

Odds Ratio

A

Diseased are x times more likely to see risk factor

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11
Q

Confidence interval = 95%

A

95% sure it lies within the interval

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12
Q

Relative Risk

A

Risk of getting a disease with known exposure

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13
Q

NNT

A

Number needed to treat to change 1 life

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14
Q

p value

A

Random chance that you will be wrong 1 time out of 20

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15
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

Nothing happened

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16
Q

Power

A

Probability of detecting true intervention

17
Q

Type I Error

A

P value errorFalse negativeToo optimistic

18
Q

Type II Error

A

Power errorFalse positiveToo pessimistic

19
Q

Accuracy

A

Validity (truth)

20
Q

Precision

A

Reliability (keep making the same mistake)

21
Q

Phases of Clinical Trials

A

I = Toxicity (hurt PT?)II = Efficacy (help PT?)III = Comparison (any better?)IV = Post-marketing surveillance (can they screw it up?)

22
Q

Cohort Study

A

Prospective study that provides incidence (new cases)Uses relative risk

23
Q

Case Control Study

A

Retrospective study that provides prevalence (total cases)Uses odds ratio

24
Q

Cross Sectional Study

A

Provides a prevalence (snapshot)

25
Q

Case Report

A

Describes an unusual PT

26
Q

Case Series Report

A

Describes several unusual PTs

27
Q

Consensus Panels

A

Panel of experts provide a recommendation

28
Q

Clinical Wisdom

A

“I think…” paper

29
Q

Meta-analysis

A

Tries to combine data from many trials

PP clues (13 decks)

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