Cardio Flashcards by Maricel Anayas

Organs with resistance in series

Liver and Kidney

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Organs with resistance in parallel

Everything but liver and kidney

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Organ with highest AV-O2 difference at rest

Heart

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Organ with highest AV-O2 difference after exercise

Muscle

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Organ with highest AV-O2 difference after a meal

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Organ with highest AV-O2 difference during an exam

Brain

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Organ with the lowest AV-O2 difference

Kidney

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Type A thoracic aortic dissection

Ascending aortaAssociated with cystic medial necrosis and syphilis

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Type B thoracic aortic dissection

Descending aortaAssociated with trauma and atherosclerosis

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Layers of a true aortic aneurysm

Intima, media, adventicia

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Layers of a pseudo aortic aneurysm

Intima and media

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Pulse Pressure

Systolic - Diastolic

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Vessel with thickest layer of SM

Aorta

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Vessels with the most SM

Arterioles

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Vessels with the largest cross sectional area

Capillaries

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Vessel with the highest compliance

Aorta

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Vessels with the highest capacitance

Veins and venules

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Max HR

220 - age

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Stable Angina

Pain on exertionAssociated with atherosclerosis

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Unstable Angina

Pain at restAssociated with transient clots

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Prinzmetal Angina

Intermittent pain at restAssociated with coronary artery spasm

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Stain to see Amyloidosis

Congo Red - apple green birefringence

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Hemochomatosis

Iron deposition in organsHyperpigmentation, arthritis, DM

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Cardiac Tamponade

Pressure equalized in all 4 chambersQuiet precordiumNo pulse or BPKussmaul’s signPulsus paradoxus (decreased systolic pressure > 10mmHg on inspiration)

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Transudate

Effusion of mostly water1 = Too much water (HF and renal failure)2 = Not enough protein (cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome)

Exudate

Effusion of mostly protein Purulent = bacteriaHemorrhagic = trauma, cancer, PEFibrinous = collagen vascular disease, uremia, TBGranulomatous = non-bacterial

Systole

Ventricular contactionDecrease in blood flow to the coronary arteriesIncreased O2 extraction

Diastole

Ventricular relaxationIncrease in blood flow to coronary arteriesDecreased O2 extraction

Only arteries with deoxygenated blood

Pulmonary and Umbilical

Murmur with Waterhammer Pulse

Aortic Regurgitation

Murmur with Pulsus Tardus

Aortic Stenosis

Cardiomyopathy with Pulsus Alternans

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Disease with Pulsus Bigeminus

IHSS/HOCM

Murmur with irregularly irregular pulse

AFib

Murmur with regularly irregular pulse

PVCs

Murmur radiates to carotids

Aortic

Murmur radiates to axilla

Mitral

Murmur radiates to back

Pulmonary

Boot shaped XR

RVH

Banana shaped XR

IHSS/HOCM

Egg shaped XR

Transposition of the Great Arteries

Snowman shaped XR

TAPVR

3 shaped XR

Coarctation of aorta

Osler Weber Rendu

AVM in lung, gut, CNSSequester platelets leading to telangiectasias

Von Hippel Lindau

AVM in head and retinaIncreased risk of renal carcinoma

When valves make noise

When they close

Valves that make noise at the start of systole

M and T (S1)

Murmurs that occur during systole

Holo/pansystolic = MR, TR, VSDEjection = AS, PS

Valves that make noise at the start of diastole

Blowing = AR, PRRumbling = MS, TS

Continuous Bruit

PDA and AVM

Friction rub while breathing

Pleuritis

Friction rub while holding breath

Pericarditis

Mid-Systolic Click

MVP

Ejection Click

AS, PS

Opening Snap

MS, TS

S2 Splitting

Normal on inspiration Pulmonic valve closes later

Wide S2 Split

Increased O2Increased RV volumeDelayed PV opening RBBB

Fixed, Wide S2 Split

ASD

Paradoxical S2 Split

Aortic StenosisLBBBAortic valve closes after Pulmonic

Cor Pulmonale

Pulmonary HTN --> RV failure

Eisenmenger's

Pulmonary HTN --> reversal of L to R shunt to R to L shunt

Transposition of Great Arteries

Aorticopulmonary septum did not spiral

Tetralogy of Fallot

Overriding aortaPSRVHVSD

Truncus Arteriosus

Spiral membrane didn't develop (NC origin)One A/P trunk (mixed blood)

Epstein's Anomaly

Tricuspid valve sits low --> large RA Teratogenic effects of Lithium

Cinchonism

Hearing lossTinitus Thrombocytopenia

Cyanotic Heart Diseases

Transposition of Great ArteriesTetralogy of FallotTruncus Arteriosus Tricuspid/Aortic/Pulmonic AtresiaTAPVRHypoplastic Left Heart syndromeEpstein's Anomaly

Machine-like Murmur

PDAAVM

Heart Block Clues

Pain or Fever with a normal HR (HR should increase by 10 for every degree increase)

Ion important for P-wave

Ca2+

Ion important for QRS

Na+

Ion important for T-wave

K+

Ion important for U-wave

K+

MC non-cyanotic congenital heart disease

VSDASDPDACoarctation of Aorta

MI Enzymes (Appear, Peak, Disappear)

Troponin I (2 hrs, 2 days, 7 days)CKMB (6 hrs, 12 hrs, 2 days)LDH (1 day, 2 days, 3 days)