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PP clues > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Organs with resistance in series

A

Liver and Kidney

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2
Q

Organs with resistance in parallel

A

Everything but liver and kidney

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3
Q

Organ with highest AV-O2 difference at rest

A

Heart

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4
Q

Organ with highest AV-O2 difference after exercise

A

Muscle

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5
Q

Organ with highest AV-O2 difference after a meal

A

GI

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6
Q

Organ with highest AV-O2 difference during an exam

A

Brain

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7
Q

Organ with the lowest AV-O2 difference

A

Kidney

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8
Q

Type A thoracic aortic dissection

A

Ascending aortaAssociated with cystic medial necrosis and syphilis

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9
Q

Type B thoracic aortic dissection

A

Descending aortaAssociated with trauma and atherosclerosis

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10
Q

Layers of a true aortic aneurysm

A

Intima, media, adventicia

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11
Q

Layers of a pseudo aortic aneurysm

A

Intima and media

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12
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

Systolic - Diastolic

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13
Q

Vessel with thickest layer of SM

A

Aorta

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14
Q

Vessels with the most SM

A

Arterioles

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15
Q

Vessels with the largest cross sectional area

A

Capillaries

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16
Q

Vessel with the highest compliance

A

Aorta

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17
Q

Vessels with the highest capacitance

A

Veins and venules

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18
Q

Max HR

A

220 - age

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19
Q

Stable Angina

A

Pain on exertionAssociated with atherosclerosis

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20
Q

Unstable Angina

A

Pain at restAssociated with transient clots

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21
Q

Prinzmetal Angina

A

Intermittent pain at restAssociated with coronary artery spasm

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22
Q

Stain to see Amyloidosis

A

Congo Red - apple green birefringence

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23
Q

Hemochomatosis

A

Iron deposition in organsHyperpigmentation, arthritis, DM

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24
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

Pressure equalized in all 4 chambersQuiet precordiumNo pulse or BPKussmaul’s signPulsus paradoxus (decreased systolic pressure > 10mmHg on inspiration)

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25
Q

Transudate

A

Effusion of mostly water1 = Too much water (HF and renal failure)2 = Not enough protein (cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome)

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26
Q

Exudate

A

Effusion of mostly protein Purulent = bacteriaHemorrhagic = trauma, cancer, PEFibrinous = collagen vascular disease, uremia, TBGranulomatous = non-bacterial

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27
Q

Systole

A

Ventricular contactionDecrease in blood flow to the coronary arteriesIncreased O2 extraction

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28
Q

Diastole

A

Ventricular relaxationIncrease in blood flow to coronary arteriesDecreased O2 extraction

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29
Q

Only arteries with deoxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary and Umbilical

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30
Q

Murmur with Waterhammer Pulse

A

Aortic Regurgitation

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31
Q

Murmur with Pulsus Tardus

A

Aortic Stenosis

32
Q

Cardiomyopathy with Pulsus Alternans

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

33
Q

Disease with Pulsus Bigeminus

34
Q

Murmur with irregularly irregular pulse

35
Q

Murmur with regularly irregular pulse

36
Q

Murmur radiates to carotids

37
Q

Murmur radiates to axilla

38
Q

Murmur radiates to back

39
Q

Boot shaped XR

40
Q

Banana shaped XR

41
Q

Egg shaped XR

A

Transposition of the Great Arteries

42
Q

Snowman shaped XR

43
Q

3 shaped XR

A

Coarctation of aorta

44
Q

Osler Weber Rendu

A

AVM in lung, gut, CNSSequester platelets leading to telangiectasias

45
Q

Von Hippel Lindau

A

AVM in head and retinaIncreased risk of renal carcinoma

46
Q

When valves make noise

A

When they close

47
Q

Valves that make noise at the start of systole

A

M and T (S1)

48
Q

Murmurs that occur during systole

A

Holo/pansystolic = MR, TR, VSDEjection = AS, PS

49
Q

Valves that make noise at the start of diastole

A

Blowing = AR, PRRumbling = MS, TS

50
Q

Continuous Bruit

A

PDA and AVM

51
Q

Friction rub while breathing

52
Q

Friction rub while holding breath

A

Pericarditis

53
Q

Mid-Systolic Click

54
Q

Ejection Click

55
Q

Opening Snap

56
Q

S2 Splitting

A

Normal on inspiration Pulmonic valve closes later

57
Q

Wide S2 Split

A

Increased O2Increased RV volumeDelayed PV opening RBBB

58
Q

Fixed, Wide S2 Split

59
Q

Paradoxical S2 Split

A

Aortic StenosisLBBBAortic valve closes after Pulmonic

60
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A

Pulmonary HTN –> RV failure

61
Q

Eisenmenger’s

A

Pulmonary HTN –> reversal of L to R shunt to R to L shunt

62
Q

Transposition of Great Arteries

A

Aorticopulmonary septum did not spiral

63
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Overriding aortaPSRVHVSD

64
Q

Truncus Arteriosus

A

Spiral membrane didn’t develop (NC origin)One A/P trunk (mixed blood)

65
Q

Epstein’s Anomaly

A

Tricuspid valve sits low –> large RA Teratogenic effects of Lithium

66
Q

Cinchonism

A

Hearing lossTinitus Thrombocytopenia

67
Q

Cyanotic Heart Diseases

A

Transposition of Great ArteriesTetralogy of FallotTruncus Arteriosus Tricuspid/Aortic/Pulmonic AtresiaTAPVRHypoplastic Left Heart syndromeEpstein’s Anomaly

68
Q

Machine-like Murmur

69
Q

Heart Block Clues

A

Pain or Fever with a normal HR (HR should increase by 10 for every degree increase)

70
Q

Ion important for P-wave

71
Q

Ion important for QRS

72
Q

Ion important for T-wave

73
Q

Ion important for U-wave

74
Q

MC non-cyanotic congenital heart disease

A

VSDASDPDACoarctation of Aorta

75
Q

MI Enzymes (Appear, Peak, Disappear)

A

Troponin I (2 hrs, 2 days, 7 days)CKMB (6 hrs, 12 hrs, 2 days)LDH (1 day, 2 days, 3 days)

PP clues (13 decks)

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