GI 1 Flashcards
constipation = difficulty __ bowel movements
constipation = difficulty passing bowel movements
constipation is characterized by
- dry/solid stools
- incomplete bowel movements
- too much time in the bathroom
causes of constipation
- dehydration
- diet lacking fiber
- medical conditions
- medications
constipation treatment formula
diet + exercise + fluids
constipation treatment increase (3)
- fiber (not too quickly though)
- water intake
- exercise
diarrhea = __ and __ stools that make it hard to __ bowel movements
diarrhea = loose and watery stools that make it hard to hold bowel movements
causes of diarrhea
- infection
- food intolerances
- chronic conditions (Crohn’s disease)
diarrhea treatment
- low fiber food (white rice, white bread, pedialyte)
- Pedialyte (Zn and Mg)
- low fat diet
- no energy drinks, SSBs, red meat
what nutrients does Pedialyte have?
Zn and Mg
safe grains for Celiac
- rice, wild rice
- corn
- sorghum
- quinoa
- millet
- buckwheat
- amaranth
- soy
- potato
- garbanzo beans
- yuca/cassava/tapioca
considerations for people with celiac
- cross-contamination
- lactose intolerance
- other allergies
deficiencies common with celiac disease
- iron
- folic acid
- B6
- B12
- vitamin D
- copper
- zinc
IBS =
IBD =
IBS = irritable bowel syndrome
IBD = inflammatory bowel disease
IBS is a __ GI disorder
IBS is a functional GI disorder
functional GI disorder means
there is some type of disturbance in bowel function
cause of IBS
not fully understood
stress
foods
medications
IBS symtpoms unique to IBS
no visible changes seen in examination
- gas
- bloating
- trouble sleeping
- constipation
IBS and IBD shared symptoms
- abdominal pain
- diarrhea
- cramping
- fatigue
IBD symptoms unique
- visible inflammation in examination
- progressively can get worse
- risk of surgery and hospitalization
fever
blood in stool
anemia
weight loss
IBD 2 main types
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
ulcerative colitis causes __ and __ ( ) in __ intestine
ulcerative colitis causes swelling and sores (ulcers) in large intestine
Crohn’s affects
any part from mouth to anus
indeterminate colitis
can’t tell if it is Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis
causes of IBD
unclear BUT
1. genetics
2. immune system response
3. environmental triggers (diet, smoking, stress, medication use, depression)
MNT for IBS
- limit certain dietary factors (caffeine, alcohol, spicy foods, fatty foods)
- restricting (onions, cabbage, beans, SSBs, artificial sweeteners)
- fiber intake
dietary factors to limit with IBS
- caffeine
- alcohol
- spicy
- fatty
foods to restrict with IBS
- onions
- cabbage
- beans
- SSBs
- artificial
FODMAP personalization process
- 2-6 weeks low FODMAP diet
- 8-12 weeks, reintroduce one FODMAP, one food at a time over 3 days
- identify triggers
nutritional assessment for IBD
- anthropometrics
- tanner scale (kids >10, menstruation)
- check-ins
- labs
- dietary record
- exercise
- sleep hygiene
labs for IBD
- iron
- vit D
- folate
- B12
- calcium
- Zn
- Mg
3 things to avoid eating with IBD
- processed meats
- artificial additives
- raw milk
what is EEN
exclusive enteral nutriton for Crohn’s disease
EEN is a __ therapy for __ Crohn’s disease
EEN is a first line therapy for pediatric Crohn’s disease
pros of EEN
- complete nutritional feed
- induces remission in 80% of cases to optimize nutrition going forward
cons of EEN
difficult to stick to
what is SCD
specific carbohydrate diet
SCD focuses on removing
- grains
- dairy (except hard cheese and yogurt fermented >24 hours)
- sugars (except honey)
breads and pastries on SCD
okay, but nut flours are ideal!
when does SCD not work
might not work when there is poor growth, severe symptoms, abscess formation or fistulizing disease
considerations of SCD
- restrictive diet
- social/emotional factors
- economical factors
- increased prep time
- family support