CVD 2 Flashcards
traditional ASCVD risk factors
Diabetes
Smoking
Obesity and overweight
Physical inactivity
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia
non-traditional ASCVD risk factors (no good validation)
Preterm delivery
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Gestational diabetes
Autoimmune disease
Breast cancer treatment
Depression
ASCVD risk in women
__ 10 year risk, but __ lifetime risk
higher rates of __
ASCVD risk in women
lower 10 year risk, but higher lifetime risk
higher rates of subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD)
signs of stable angina
pain with exertion only
unstable angina signa
pain at rest
symptoms new or escalated from baseline
non-ST segement elevation MI (NSTEMI) signs
same as unstable angina + troponin and CKMB
ST segment elevation MI (STEMI)
same as NSTEMI but with ST segment elevation
hyperlipidemia is
an excess of lipids or fats in blood
symptoms of high cholesterol
often no symptoms
strongest risk factor for CAD/CHD
hypercholesterolemia
people with high cholesterol have about __x the risk of heart disease
people with high cholesterol have about 2x the risk of heart disease
__% of American adults have high LDL cholesterol
33.5% of American adults have high LDL cholesterol
__% of adults with high LDL get treatment
< 50% of adults with high LDL get treatment
consequence of hyperlipidemia
atherosclerosis
5 types of people to screen for hyperlipidemia
- Men at higher risk at 25 y.o.
- Men at lower risk at 35 y.o.
- Women at higher risk at 35 y.o.
- Women at lower risk at 45 y.o.
- People with diabetes
risk enhancers for hyperlipidemia
- Family Hx
- Persistently elevated LDL >= 160 mg/dL
- Persistently elevated TGs >= 175 mg/mL
- Chronic kidney disease
- Preeclampsia, gestational HTN, early menopause
- Metabolic syndrome
- Inflammatory disease: RA, SLE, psoriasis, HIV
- Ethnicity: South Asian ancestry
elevated LDL as a risk enhancer is
> = 160 mg/dL
elevated TGs as a risk enhancer is
> = 175 mg/dL
what ethnicity is a risk enhancer for hyperlipidemia
South Asian
if measured in select individuals, these values are risk enhancers
Hs-CRP > = 2.0 mg/L
Lp(a) > 50 mg/dL or > 125 nmol/L
apoB > = 130 mg/dL
ABI < 0.9
Lp(a) should be checked in adults and youth with (primary prevention)
- first-degree relatives with premature ASCVD or elevated Lp(a)
- personal history of premature ASCVD or ischemic stroke
- primary of familial high cholesterol
Lp(a) should be checked in adults with (secondary prevention)
- premature ASCVD
- recurrent or progressive ASCVD (despite lipid-lowering)
- aortic stenosis
- less LDL-C lowering than expected with statins
total cholesterol goal
< 200: normal*
200-239: Borderline
> 240: High
bad LDL cholesterol goals
< 140: normal*
< 70 for CHD or DM (Diabetes Mellitus)
> 160: probably too high