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History > Germany- The 'Terror State' > Flashcards

Germany- The 'Terror State' Flashcards

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1
Q

Who controlled the SS

A

Himmler

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2
Q

Who were the SD

A

intelligence gathering offshoot of the SS

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3
Q

Who was Minister-President of the Gestapo

A

Goering

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4
Q

When was the Gestapo extended to cover all of Germany

A

1933

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5
Q

How did Himmler become head of police

A
  • Night of the Long Knives reduced SA powers
  • Exploited rivalry between Goering and Frick
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6
Q

What happened to the police in 1936

A

SS, SD and Gestapo placed under command of Himmler

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7
Q

What was set up in 1939 and what did it achieve

A

Reich Security Department Headquarters which placed all party/ state police under one organisation supervised by SS

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8
Q

How did membership of the SS differ in 1933 to 1929

A

1929- 250
1933- 52,000

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9
Q

When was the SS formed

A

1925

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10
Q

What were key values of the SS

A

loyalty/ honour

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11
Q

When were extermination camps established in occupied countries

A

1942

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12
Q

How many temporary camps were set up in early months

A

70

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13
Q

By 1934, how many prisoners were there in concentration camps compared to the year before

A

1/4

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14
Q

When did all concentration camps come under SS control

A

1934

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15
Q

when/what was the SD set up as

A

1931- set up to investigate claims the party had been infiltrated by its political enemies

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16
Q

how many members did the SD have by 1939

A

50,000

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17
Q

how many officers did the Gestapo have in 1939

A

20,000

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18
Q

what % of work depended on info supplied by informers

A

50-80%

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19
Q

How did the Gestapo extract information from informants when they were reluctant to give up information

A

torture

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20
Q

how was the justice system ‘coordinated’

A

i) Front of German Law in April 1933 made clear to judges/lawyers their careers depend on doing regime’s biding
ii) courts set up with no juries and defendants had no rights to appeal sentences

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21
Q

By the start of war how many officials coordinated info in Gestapo

A

3000

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22
Q

How did the Nazis use terror and surveillance

A
  • civil rights lost
  • courts increasingly made to deliver judgements to uphold regime
  • ‘atmosphere of fear’- those who were prepared to question must have known their actions were futile gestures which would end in personal sacrifice
  • SS appealed as instrument to protect
  • Gestapo used cooperation of many ordinary citizens
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23
Q

What happened when SPD activists campaigned for election campaign in March 1933

A

SA violence

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24
Q

Where did SPD send propaganda pamphlets

A

Czechoslovakia

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25
Q

What was a Sopade

A

reports produced by agents of the SPD to inform exiled Party leadership about situation in Germany

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26
Q

What % of KPD membership was killed in 1933

A

10%

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27
Q

How did the KPD rebel

A

set up new newspapers- all broken up by Gestapo

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28
Q

How many strikes were recorded in 1937

A

250

29
Q

how many of the 25,000 workers who participated in strikes in 1935 spent time in prison

A

4000

30
Q

by the end of 1937, how many protestant pastors had been arrested

A

700

31
Q

When/what was the only time to Catholic Church placed itself at conflict with the regime

A

1937- Pope issued papal encyclical ‘With Burining Grief’ condemned Nazi hatred against Church

32
Q

What were activities members of the Hitler Youth and League of German Maidens had to partake in

A
  • compulsory gymnastic sessions on Wednesday evenings
  • all day hikes on Sundays
  • endless military drilling
33
Q

what was ‘Gleichschaltung’ based on

A

premise individuals should have no independent activity

34
Q

Which youth group in particular was more explicitly critical of Nazis

A

‘Eidelweiss Piraten’

35
Q

What was a crucial centre of opposition to the regime

A

‘Abwehr’ (military intelligence office)

36
Q

When did Hitler reintroduce conscription

A

March 1935

37
Q

How much did conscription increase army numbers

A

550,000

38
Q

Which two military generals expressed doubts to Hitler and what happened to them

A

Blomberg/ Fritsch- purged from army leadership

39
Q

What caused who to plan a military coup

A

Hitler preparing to invade Czechoslovakia (Br and Fr would oppose) caused Head of Army General Staff Beck

40
Q

When/ what/ who planned to assassinate Hitler

A

8 Nov 1939- Georg Elser bombed a speech- Hitler left 3 mins early

41
Q

How many SS members were there by1939

A

240,000

42
Q

In Jan 1933, how many privately owned newspapers were there

A

4700

43
Q

What was the Nazi publishing house called

A

Eher Verlag

44
Q

How many daily newspapers did Eher Verlag own and what was the circulation of these per day

A

27 newspapers, 2.4 million per day

45
Q

By 1939, how much of German press did Eher Verlag own

A

2/3

46
Q

Who controlled information supplied to the news agencies

A

Deutches Narchrichtenburo

47
Q

What did the Editors’ Law of October 1933 do

A

made newspaper content responsibility of editor who had to satisfy requirements of Propaganda ministry

48
Q

How many broadcasts did Hitler make in 1933 on his speeches

A

50

49
Q

How did the % of households owned a radio in 1932 compared to 1939

A

1932- 25%
1939- 70%

50
Q

What was ‘People’s receiver’ and what was it linked to

A

Volksempfanger- linked to mass production and selling of cheap radio sets

51
Q

When were all radio stations brought under central control of who

A

April 1934- Reich Radio Company

52
Q

Who was responsible for approving every film after 1933

A

Goebbels

53
Q

How many films were produced between 1933-1945 and what % of these were political

A

1000- 14%

54
Q

Who created the Heil Hitler salute

A

Goebbels

55
Q

What happened at marches

A

uniforms/medals worn, carried banners, sung party songs

56
Q

How were households expected to show support for national parades

A

hanging out swastika flags

56
Q

How many people attended the 1937 national rally

A

100,000

57
Q

What was ‘Olympia’

A

a 4 hour film financed by the Nazis

58
Q

How many of Germany’s music writers left Germany between 1933-1945

A

2500

59
Q

When did a group of Nazi students and SA members burn books and how many books did they burn

A

6th May 1933- 20,000

59
Q

What were the two contrasting art exhibitions in July 1937

A

‘Degenerate Art’ and ‘Great German Art’

60
Q

What books were typically burnt

A

books about family planning, jews or marxists

61
Q

What was the Hitler Myth

A

Hitler presented as ‘man of the people’ symbolising unity of Nazi party and people

62
Q

How was Hitler presented and how was Hitler in reality

A

Presented:
-tough/hardworking
-political genius who mastered Germany’s problems
-Dynamic/forceful
-Simplistic in lifestyle
-Guardian of true morality

Reality
-Surrounded by officials who competed to gain his attention
-Stayed up late, watching films, getting up at midday

63
Q

What did Goebbels claim was his greatest achievement and when

A

1941- creation of Hitler Myth

64
Q

What was the Waffen SS

A

military wing of the SS

65
Q

Who led the SD

A

Reinhard Heydrich

66
Q

What was the Aryan Paragraph

A

Those not of Aryan birth couldn’t enter the civil service or Protestant Evangelical Church

History (16 decks)

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