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History > Empire 1914-1947 > Flashcards

Empire 1914-1947 Flashcards

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1
Q

how many troops did India send in WW1

A

1.5 million

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2
Q

stats on Indian casualties in WW1

A

62,000 dead
67,000 casualties

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3
Q

how much did India contribute financially in WW1

A

£214 million

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4
Q

how many troops did Canada contribute/ casualites

A

sent- 620k troops
casualties- 59k

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5
Q

what fraction of munitions in france were canadian in WW1

A

1/3

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6
Q

how much did canadian debt rise in WW1

A

increased £240m

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7
Q

how many troops did Australia send/ how many casualites WW1

A

sent- 410k
casualties- 212k

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8
Q

how many troops did New Zealand send in WW1 and what is significant about this figure

A

100k (10% of population)

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9
Q

how many troops did Ireland contribute during WW1

A

200k

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10
Q

what happened half way through war in Ireland

A

Easter Uprising

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11
Q

how many troops did south africa send/ how many casualties in WW1

A

sent- 150k
casualties- 7,000

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12
Q

how many Egyptians/Sudanese were sent as porters

A

57k

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13
Q

when was Egypt’s protectorate removed

A

1922- became a client state

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14
Q

when were troops removed from Egypt- where was the only place they stayed

A

1936- Suez Canal Zone

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15
Q

how much land did Br gain after WW1

A

1.8 million square miles- 13 million people

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16
Q

what were the three mandate categories

A

A- quite developed- independence granted soon (e.g Iraq)
B- less developed would need longer (e.g Cameroon)
C- undeveloped- independence not near (e.g Samoa, New Guinea)

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17
Q

how much was Br debt to USA after WW1

A

$4 billion

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18
Q

how much did Br’s economy grow after WW1

A

7%

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19
Q

what was a mandate

A

authorisation given by LoN to govern a previous German or Ottoman teritory

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20
Q

what/when was the Hussein-MacMahon agreement

A

1915/16- Br prepared to uphold independence of Arabs if they can break free of Ottoman rule

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21
Q

what/when was the Sykes-Picot agreement

A

16 May 1916- agreement between Fr/Br how to divide spheres of control in ME post WW1

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22
Q

what was the Balfour Decleration

A

letter stating Br aim to set up Jewish home state in Palestine whilst avoiding prejudice towards those who were already there

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23
Q

describe the change of Jewish population in Palestine

A

60,000 (9%) in 1918
175,000 (17%) in 1931

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24
Q

when was the Irish free state created

A

1921

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25
Q

what triggered the Easter Rising

A

Br introducing conscription

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26
Q

how did Br react to Irish unrest

A

Br responded violently, ordering execution of 15 leaders

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27
Q

how many died in the Easter Uprising

A

450

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28
Q

what were the consequences of the Easter Uprising

A

-start of Irish War (1919-20)
-Anglo-Irish Treaty 1921 which created Irish Free State

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29
Q

when/what did the Shaw Commission say (Palestine)

A

issued March 1930- stated direct reasonability for unrest in Palestine lied with Arabs

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30
Q

how many troops were sent to Palestine and when to deal with Arab insurgency

A

1936- 20,000

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31
Q

when/what did the Peel report say (Palestine)

A

1937- recommended Palestine be partitioned into two separate Arab and Jewish states

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32
Q

what happened at the Cairo Conference in 1921 and who led it

A

Churchill- solidified Br control in Iraq, ensured Faisal as leader, established Iraq as mandate

33
Q

when was Iraq granted full independence

A

1932

34
Q

what did the Statute of Westminster (1931) declare

A

dominions allowed to pass own laws without interference from Br

35
Q

how did unemployment in Br change between 1920 and 1921

A

roughly 4% to 24%

36
Q

what did the Trade Disputes Act (1927) do

A

made sympathetic striking illegal

37
Q

how much did WW1 cost Br

A

35 billion

38
Q

what did the Devonshire Dec state (Africa)

A

native population had to be preferred

39
Q

when were Br on /off the gold standard

A

off- during WW1 as spending reserves
on- 1925
off permanently- 1931

40
Q

what fraction of Br exports did dominions represent

A

1/4

41
Q

what was the sterling area

A

an area of trade in which the pound sterling was used- it facilitated trade when the value of the pound decreased

42
Q

how did the value of exports differ in 1930 to 1913

A

Decreased by £147m

43
Q

when did Japan seize Singapore and what was significant about this

A

Feb 1942- it was Br main naval base

44
Q

which countries did Br lose in summer 1942

A

Burma, Hong Kong, Malaya

45
Q

what were the consequences of events in Asia during WW2

A

-myth of ‘white invincibility’ gave fuel for nationalist movements

46
Q

how many captured Indian soldiers joined the Indian National Army

A

30,000

47
Q

who led the INA

A

Subhas Chandra Bose

48
Q

how many troops did dominions send in WW2

A

5 million

49
Q

how many dominion troops: died, casualties, prisoners, civilian deaths in WW2

A

deaths- 150,000
casualties- 400,000
prisoners- 100,000
civilian deaths- 300,000

50
Q

what was the ‘Billion Dollar Gift’

A

the $4 billion contributed by Canada to war effort

51
Q

who tried to assassinate General Smuts

A

Afrikaners

52
Q

how many troops did India send/ how many died in WW2

A

sent- 2.5 million
died- 87,000

53
Q

what were some consequences of war in India

A

-1942 Quit India campaign
-Bengal famine (1940-43)
-1942 INA
-1942 Cripps offer

54
Q

what did Malaya and Burma provide that was key to Br

A

raw materials (e.g rubber)

55
Q

SWOT analysis of Br economic position

A

Strengths- appeasement allowed time to build up support/capacity for war
Weaknesses- independence movements increased, economy suffered
Opportunities- USA was wealthy/willing ally
Threats- extremism (axis), war could damage resources and investment

56
Q

who won the 1945 general election

A

Attlee

57
Q

how many tonnes of Br shipping was lost due to German U boat attacks in WW1

A

11.7m tonnes (54% of merchant fleet)

58
Q

what were Lend-Lease agreements

A

US sent Br military equipment which Br would give back in cash

59
Q

what did the Colonial Development Act of 1929 provide

A

provided treasury with funds to support colonial development projects

60
Q

who argued for a return to ‘imperial preference’ in between war period

A

Lord Beaverbrook

61
Q

what did the Ottawa Conference (1932) introduce

A

-Br intro’d 10% tax on all imports apart from crown colonies
-Br/dominions gave each others exports preferential treatment

62
Q

what did Malaya rely on exports of

A

tin/rubber

63
Q

what was the 1919 Gov of India Act (what, why, effect)

A

why- Montague-Chelmsford agreement (recommended local self gov)
what- provided dual form of gov for major provenances in which power split between legislative and provincial govs
effect- increased self gov

64
Q

what was the 1919 Amritsar Massacre (why, what, effect)

A

why- marshal law intro’d banning gatherings
what- peaceful Sikh gathering in which Br interrupted and killed roughly 1000
effect- huge increase in nationalism, civil disobedience called for

64
Q

what was the Rowlatt act (1919) (why, what, effect)

A

why- fear of 1919 GoIA increasing political challenge to Br rule
what- authorised arrest of those suspected of causing unrest with unfair trials (ones without jury, conviction without trial)
effect- increased Br use of force against nationalism/counterproductive as increased nationalist feeling

65
Q

what was the Simon Commission (1927)

A

commission to investigate the 1919 Government of India Act- contained no indian representatives

66
Q

what was the Nehru report (1928)

A

committee to open up constitution for India to grant dominion status

67
Q

what was the Salt March (1930)

A

civil disobedience, in which 78 people marched 400km to sea to boycott salt tax- after Gandhi gave speech to 75,000 in which 20,000 arrested

68
Q

what event triggered the salt march

A

intro of salt tax by Br

69
Q

when/what were the Round Table talks

A

12 November 1930
7 September 1931
conferences to settle opposing interests in future of India- nationalists wanted dom. status

70
Q

when/what was the Gandhi-Irwin pact

A

5th March 1931- Gandhi would halt civil disobedience which affected Br goods in response Br would release some non-violent prisoners and un-ban some organisations

71
Q

how many people were arrested in the civil disobedience that occurred after Gandhi’s arrest

A

100,000

72
Q

what was the GoIA (1935) (why, what, effect)

A

why- growing nationalist protests
what- increased laws on who could vote, increasing it from 7 million to 35 milion
effect- division over federal structure remaining with princely states

73
Q

what was the 1940 Lahore Resolution

A

60,000 demanded creation Pakistan

74
Q

what was the hostage theory

A

there will be Hindus in Pakistan and Muslims in India and so they wont be harmed as they would be harmed in the other country

75
Q

what was the 1942 Cripps Offer (why, what, effect)

A

why- ensured continued loyalty in war
what- Cripps (labour) sent to offer India dominion status which is rejected
effect- Quit India campaign

76
Q

what was the 1942 Quit India campaign

A

called for full independence after Cripps offer in which theyd violently disrupt which was responded to with huge police brutality

77
Q

when/what was the Simla Conference

A

25 June 1945- proposition by Viceroy Wavell to have interim council to crush protests

History (16 decks)

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