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History > Germany- Hitlers consolidation of power > Flashcards

Germany- Hitlers consolidation of power Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Reichstag building set on fire

A

27th Feb 1933

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2
Q

When/what was the Decree for Protection of the People and the State

A

When- 28th Feb 1933
What- Suspended important civil rights​
Police were given greater powers to arrest and detain people without charge and search private premises​
Government had the power to censor publications (restriction of free speech)

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3
Q

What happened to the SA in Feb 1933

A

became recognised as auxillary police- orders issued forbidding police from interfering with SA

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4
Q

When did the Nazis begin taking over state governments

A

6-7th March 1933

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5
Q

When was the Enabling Act passed

A

24th March 1933

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6
Q

What fraction of the Reichstag had to vote in favour of the Enabling Act and why was this

A

2/3 as it was seen as an amendment to the constitution

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7
Q

When was the SPD outlawed and as what

A

22 June 1933 as ‘hostile to nation and state’

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8
Q

When was the ZP voluntarily disbanded

A

5 July 1933

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9
Q

What % of the 12 Nov 1933 elections did the Nazi win

A

92%

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10
Q

When was the Reichsrat abolished

A

14th February 1934

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11
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives

A

30th June 1934

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12
Q

When/where/how was Ernst Rohm killed

A

when- 30th June 1934
where- Stadelheim Prison
how- revolver left in room for option of suicide- said ‘If I am to be killed, let Adolf do it himself’- then shot by 2 SS officers at point blank range

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13
Q

What led many people into thinking Nazism was a clear and well ordered system of government

A

Nazi totalitarian claims

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14
Q

What law and when outlawed all non-Nazi political parites

A

14th July 1933- Law against Formation of New Parties

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15
Q

Who/when, along with the army, had to make a new oath of loyalty to Hitler

A

1934- Civil Servants

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16
Q

who drew up all government legislation

A

Hans-Heinrich Lammers

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17
Q

When/how many/why was the ‘torchlight procession’

A

When- 30th Jan 1933
How many- attended by roughly 100k
why- to show Hitler taking over wasn’t like any other- show victory of Nazi movement/ start of their ‘National Revolution’

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18
Q

Which two members of Nazis in cabinet were in charge of police

A

Wilhelm Frick
Herman Goering

19
Q

How did SA membership vary in Jan 1933 to Jan 1934

A

1933- 500k
1934- 3 million

20
Q

Whose newspapers were banned after criticizing the Nazi regime

A

SPD/ ZP

21
Q

Who/when were the first prisoners at Dachau

A

8th March 1933- communists/ socialists

22
Q

By July 1933, how many political prisoners had been arrested/ placed in how many camps

A

30,000 political prisoners in 70 camps

23
Q

When was Hitler warned in the future the SA could become target for Nazi violence/ terror

A

July 1933

24
Q

What happened to the SA following the Law Against Formation of New parties

A
  • Hitler made speech on 6 July 1933 declaring end to revolution
  • SA feared he was ready to dilute Nazi ideology
  • In Feb 1933 SA and Stalhelm merged and became ‘auxiliary police’
  • Became less used as no political opponents to threaten/ intimidate
  • Rohm called for Second Revolution, aiming for SA to become nucleus of new national militia
25
Q

What did SA units start doing in summer 1934

A

stopping army convoys/ confiscating weapons and supplies

26
Q

Why did Hitler plan the Night of the Long Knives

A

Hindenburg nearing death, army wanted elimination of SA and end of talk of ‘second revolution and people’s army’- could gain favour of generals

27
Q

What was the trigger cause of the Night of the Long Knives

A

Papen made speech on 17th June called for end to terror and for Hitler to clamp down on SA’s calls for second revolution- Goebbels tried to censor it in press but still got out

28
Q

Who supplied weapons/ transport in Night of the Long Knives

A

Army

29
Q

Who were the main deaths in the Night of the Long Knives

A

General Schleicher
Gregor Strasser
Ernst Rohm

30
Q

Significance of Night of the Long Knives

A
  • Army endorsed Nazi regime- shown by Bloomberg’s vote of thanks to Hitler on 1st July
  • Soldiers agreed to take personal oath of loyalty to Hitler rather than state
  • Emergence of SS
  • Hitler secured own personal political supremacy and his decisions/ actions accepted
  • Clear Nazi regime was personal dictatorship
31
Q

What had Hindenburg drawn up before his death

A

Political will in which he expressed preference for restoration of monarchy

32
Q

What event dissolved doubts about Hitler succeeding Hindenburg

A

Night of the Long Knives (removal of SA)

33
Q

when did Hindenburg die

A

2 August 1934

34
Q

How long did it take for the announcement that the office of Chancellor and office of President would be merged

A

Less than an hour

35
Q

When did officers of the army take an oath of allegiance to Hitler

A

2 August 1934 (same day Hindenburg died)

36
Q

When was a plebiscite held to get German seal of approval on Hitler’s appointment as Fuhrer and what was the result

A

19th August 1934- 89.9% approved

37
Q

How many people and what % said no to the plebiscite

A

10.1%- 4.5 million

38
Q

Which 6 ways did Hitler consolidate his power

A

1) Terror- intimidation, Night of the Long Knives
2) Legalism- use of law (e.g Enabling Act)
3) Deception- Misled powerful groups to destroy them (e.g SA, trade unions)
4) Propaganda- successfully cultivated powerful images with Hitler as a respectable statesman
5) Weaknesses- Left divided by Social Democrats and communists
6)Sympathy of conservative right

39
Q

What was the law called which combined the offices of President and Chacellor

A

Law Concerning the Head of State of the German Reich

40
Q

Who claimed Hitler had total and comprehensive ‘Fuhrer Power’

A

E. Huber (Nazi theorist)

41
Q

How did the number of times cabinet met differ in 1933 to 1936

A

1933- 72
1936- 4

42
Q

Who outlined Hitler’s style of rule as ‘charismatic domination’ and what does it suggest

A

Ian Kershaw- suggests:
1) Hitler was crucial as he was responsible for Nazi dream
2) No real effective opposition to him or aims
3) Hitler didn’t get lost in detail of day-to-day gov
4) Generated environment in which his followers carried out his presumed intentions, and others willingly took responsibility to ‘work towards the Fuhrer’

43
Q

When/what department was set up which Goebbels was put in charge of

A

March 1933- Department of Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda

44
Q

What would happen before Hitler’s broadcasts (radio)

A

Sirens would sound and people would gather around radios to listen

History (16 decks)

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