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History > Empire- 1857-1890 > Flashcards

Empire- 1857-1890 Flashcards

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1
Q

what was the ‘swing to the east’

A

shift in Br imperial priorities towards Asia and Africa for better trade over dominance which could lead to unrest

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2
Q

when was the EIC granted a charter

A

1600

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3
Q

what was the highest position an Indian soldier could reach pre 1857

A

lieutenant

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4
Q

what was the highest wage for a sepoy pre 1857 and how many were on this wage

A

3 on wage of 300 rupees/month

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5
Q

what was the total number of Br and indian troops on eve of rebellion

A

Br- roughly 40,000
In- roughly 350,000

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6
Q

what part of gov. in india was set up as a result of the mutiny

A

India office

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7
Q

which two individuals lead the india office

A

Secretary of State for India in Br
Viceroy oversaw decisions made and ensured carried out

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8
Q

what were key political consequences of the mutiny

A

-1858 Gov India Act- Br gov to take full political control
-Doctrine of Lapse removed
-EIC dissolved
-Indian Civil Service placed under control of SoS

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9
Q

what were key military consequences of the mutiny

A

-ratio of Br soldiers: sepoys went from 1:8 to 1:2
-soldiers denied access to press
-increased recruitment of Sikhs

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10
Q

what were key economic consequences of the mutiny

A

-debt jumped 70%
-railway imperialism- 15,000km track 1880
-tea plantations grew from 1 to 295 by 1870
-2 million annual interest

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11
Q

what were key educational consequences of the mutiny

A

-establishment of unis in Bombay, Calcutta, Madras
-language in schools changed to english
-creation of Nabobs (english MC)

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12
Q

what triggered the Indian Mutiny

A

-Br used animal grease for the cartridges in guns- went against Hindu and Islamic beliefs
-Br banned the practice of sutti (in which an Indian wife would be burned when their husband died)

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13
Q

what were key events of the mutiny

A

-started may 1857
-siege of Lucknow
-Br would shoot Indians out of cannons, force Indians to lick blood of victims, public hangings, torture

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14
Q

how much debt was Egypt in in 1863 with how much interest

A

£3 million with 7%

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15
Q

when was the Suez canal built and how much did it cost

A

1869- £9 million

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16
Q

when did Br buy shares in the Suez canal company (give facts)

A

Disraeli bought 44% stake in company for £4 million, borrowed from Rothschilds

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17
Q

what was the cave report and when

A

1876- placed Egyptian economy under dual Br/Fr control

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18
Q

how much debt was Egypt in in 1880 with how much interest

A

£100 million w/ 20%

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19
Q

how many Br foreign officers were brought in in 1881 to help economic situation

A

1300

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20
Q

when was the nationalist riot in Alexandria

A

1882- killed 50 Europeans + 170 Europeans

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21
Q

what was the Br/Fr response to nationalism in Egypt

A

-Fr refused to respond aggressively
-Dufferin Report

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22
Q

what was the Dufferin Report and when was it issued

A

1883- advised Br to take full political control

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23
Q

when was a veiled protectorate placed on Egypt

A

1884- placed Lord Cromer as country’s de facto leader, placed Khedive behind Br ‘advisors’

24
Q

how much did the suez cut down Br trip to India

A

43%

25
Q

when did the Madhist rebellion start and who led it

A

1882- led by ‘Madhi’

26
Q

who ordered who to retreat and what did they do in Sudan

A

Gladstone ordered Gordon to retreat from Khartoum, he refused and finally lost after siege of 313 days, with Gordon dying a ‘martyr’

27
Q

what years was Disraeli PM

A

1868, 1874-1880

28
Q

who wanted to grant Ireland Home Rule- Gladstone or Disraeli

A

Gladstone

29
Q

what was the scramble for africa

A

competition between european powers for control over africa

30
Q

when were diamonds discovered and where

A

1867 in Kimberley

31
Q

facts on Xhosa war

A

1877-78, ends with Br annexing cape

32
Q

who immediately provoked war with Zulus

A

Bartle Frere

33
Q

what were the outcomes of the war with the Zulus

A

Zulus defeated with 2400 Br dead, cost of £5 million

34
Q

when did the Boers declare their own republic

A

1880

35
Q

what is known as the first boer war (give details)

A

british defeat at Majuba Hill (1881) in which more than 150 brits killed

36
Q

what was the consequence of the first boer war

A

Convention of Pretoria- Br forced to recognise Boer self gov

37
Q

when did Germans arrive in SW Africa and why did the British worry

A

1884- feared German-Boer alliance

38
Q

when was gold discovered

A

1886

39
Q

when did the British South Africa Company (BSAC) get granted a Royal Charter

A

1889

40
Q

when was the Brussels conference and what was agreed

A

1876- International African Association established to coordinate European efforts

41
Q

when was the Berlin conference and what was agreed

A

1884-84- effective occupation (must have a local treaty, active administration, ability to police to claim territory)

42
Q

what was the role of William Mackinnon

A

founded Imperial British East Africa Company- charter granted in 1888

43
Q

what was the role George Goldie

A

-brought palm oil business to Niger basin in 1875
-application for charter rejected in 1881
-able to set up protectorate after Brussels conference
-450 local trade treaties

44
Q

what was the role John Mackenzie

A

pressured gov to put protectorate over Bechuanaland

45
Q

what was the role of Mary Slessor

A

helped protect children especially twins who were left to die in Nigeria

46
Q

what was the role of Mary Carpenter

A

in 1870 set up National India Association to better educate Indian girls

47
Q

what was Bartle Freres role before getting fired

A

High Commissioner of South Africa from 1877-1880

48
Q

what was Evelyn Baring’s role

A

Colonial administrator of India 1872-76
Consul-General of Egypt from 1882

49
Q

what was the role of David Livingstone

A

helped map Africa for Br

50
Q

what was the role of John Kirk

A

Vice Consul of Zanzibar, helped Livingstone

51
Q

what was mercantalism

A

imports taxed based on country ship came from

52
Q

what was protectionism

A

foreign goods taxed based on country the goods came from

53
Q

what were the little ships used to quickly transport goods for trade

A

clippers

54
Q

what was the main form of trade in this period

A

free trade

55
Q

what reinforced the Br idea white races were naturally superior and it was their moral duty to control overseas territories

A

Charles Darwin’s Origins of species in 1859

56
Q

what mainly influenced Br attitudes at home

A

newspapers

57
Q

give one example of an institute introduced at home built to reinforce imperial attitudes

A

Boys Brigade (1883)

History (16 decks)

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