Empire- 1857-1890 Flashcards
what was the ‘swing to the east’
shift in Br imperial priorities towards Asia and Africa for better trade over dominance which could lead to unrest
when was the EIC granted a charter
1600
what was the highest position an Indian soldier could reach pre 1857
lieutenant
what was the highest wage for a sepoy pre 1857 and how many were on this wage
3 on wage of 300 rupees/month
what was the total number of Br and indian troops on eve of rebellion
Br- roughly 40,000
In- roughly 350,000
what part of gov. in india was set up as a result of the mutiny
India office
which two individuals lead the india office
Secretary of State for India in Br
Viceroy oversaw decisions made and ensured carried out
what were key political consequences of the mutiny
-1858 Gov India Act- Br gov to take full political control
-Doctrine of Lapse removed
-EIC dissolved
-Indian Civil Service placed under control of SoS
what were key military consequences of the mutiny
-ratio of Br soldiers: sepoys went from 1:8 to 1:2
-soldiers denied access to press
-increased recruitment of Sikhs
what were key economic consequences of the mutiny
-debt jumped 70%
-railway imperialism- 15,000km track 1880
-tea plantations grew from 1 to 295 by 1870
-2 million annual interest
what were key educational consequences of the mutiny
-establishment of unis in Bombay, Calcutta, Madras
-language in schools changed to english
-creation of Nabobs (english MC)
what triggered the Indian Mutiny
-Br used animal grease for the cartridges in guns- went against Hindu and Islamic beliefs
-Br banned the practice of sutti (in which an Indian wife would be burned when their husband died)
what were key events of the mutiny
-started may 1857
-siege of Lucknow
-Br would shoot Indians out of cannons, force Indians to lick blood of victims, public hangings, torture
how much debt was Egypt in in 1863 with how much interest
£3 million with 7%
when was the Suez canal built and how much did it cost
1869- £9 million
when did Br buy shares in the Suez canal company (give facts)
Disraeli bought 44% stake in company for £4 million, borrowed from Rothschilds
what was the cave report and when
1876- placed Egyptian economy under dual Br/Fr control
how much debt was Egypt in in 1880 with how much interest
£100 million w/ 20%
how many Br foreign officers were brought in in 1881 to help economic situation
1300
when was the nationalist riot in Alexandria
1882- killed 50 Europeans + 170 Europeans
what was the Br/Fr response to nationalism in Egypt
-Fr refused to respond aggressively
-Dufferin Report
what was the Dufferin Report and when was it issued
1883- advised Br to take full political control
when was a veiled protectorate placed on Egypt
1884- placed Lord Cromer as country’s de facto leader, placed Khedive behind Br ‘advisors’
how much did the suez cut down Br trip to India
43%
when did the Madhist rebellion start and who led it
1882- led by ‘Madhi’
who ordered who to retreat and what did they do in Sudan
Gladstone ordered Gordon to retreat from Khartoum, he refused and finally lost after siege of 313 days, with Gordon dying a ‘martyr’
what years was Disraeli PM
1868, 1874-1880
who wanted to grant Ireland Home Rule- Gladstone or Disraeli
Gladstone
what was the scramble for africa
competition between european powers for control over africa
when were diamonds discovered and where
1867 in Kimberley
facts on Xhosa war
1877-78, ends with Br annexing cape
who immediately provoked war with Zulus
Bartle Frere
what were the outcomes of the war with the Zulus
Zulus defeated with 2400 Br dead, cost of £5 million
when did the Boers declare their own republic
1880
what is known as the first boer war (give details)
british defeat at Majuba Hill (1881) in which more than 150 brits killed
what was the consequence of the first boer war
Convention of Pretoria- Br forced to recognise Boer self gov
when did Germans arrive in SW Africa and why did the British worry
1884- feared German-Boer alliance
when was gold discovered
1886
when did the British South Africa Company (BSAC) get granted a Royal Charter
1889
when was the Brussels conference and what was agreed
1876- International African Association established to coordinate European efforts
when was the Berlin conference and what was agreed
1884-84- effective occupation (must have a local treaty, active administration, ability to police to claim territory)
what was the role of William Mackinnon
founded Imperial British East Africa Company- charter granted in 1888
what was the role George Goldie
-brought palm oil business to Niger basin in 1875
-application for charter rejected in 1881
-able to set up protectorate after Brussels conference
-450 local trade treaties
what was the role John Mackenzie
pressured gov to put protectorate over Bechuanaland
what was the role of Mary Slessor
helped protect children especially twins who were left to die in Nigeria
what was the role of Mary Carpenter
in 1870 set up National India Association to better educate Indian girls
what was Bartle Freres role before getting fired
High Commissioner of South Africa from 1877-1880
what was Evelyn Baring’s role
Colonial administrator of India 1872-76
Consul-General of Egypt from 1882
what was the role of David Livingstone
helped map Africa for Br
what was the role of John Kirk
Vice Consul of Zanzibar, helped Livingstone
what was mercantalism
imports taxed based on country ship came from
what was protectionism
foreign goods taxed based on country the goods came from
what were the little ships used to quickly transport goods for trade
clippers
what was the main form of trade in this period
free trade
what reinforced the Br idea white races were naturally superior and it was their moral duty to control overseas territories
Charles Darwin’s Origins of species in 1859
what mainly influenced Br attitudes at home
newspapers
give one example of an institute introduced at home built to reinforce imperial attitudes
Boys Brigade (1883)
