Empire 1890-1914 Flashcards
when was the Entente Cordiale and what was it
1904- agreement between Br and Fr recognising Egypt as being in Br sphere of influence
when was a protectorate proclaimed over Egypt
November 1914
what was the Denshawai incident and when
1906- Br officers hunting pigeons accidentally killed women, on fleeing one died of heatstroke- used flogging and forced labour to decipher what really happened
when did Sailsbury decide to reinvade Sudan and what did he use as an excuse to do this
1896- Italian forces defeated at Abyssinia
who was appointed Commander in Chief of Egyptian army in 1896 and what was he given
Kitchener- given sealed envelope of orders to be opened after Sudanese defeated
which country opened an exhibition in the Upper Nile
France
when was the massacre of Omdurman and give facts
September 1998- 27,000 casualties with 12,000 dead
what was Kitchener ordered to do in 1899 and what happened
go on to Fashuda to Marchand (French)- French too weak and so beaten
when was the Jameson raid
30 Dec 1995- 2 Jan 1996
how many guns did they have for how many men in the jameson raid
6 guns for 500
what were the consequences of the Jameson raid
-Rhodes fired as PM of cape
-replaced by Jameson
when was Curzon appointed Viceroy
1899
why did Britain invade Tibet and when did they do it
1903- wanted to protect India from Russian influence
When was Bengal partitioned and what was its population
1905- population of 78 million, mostly Hindu
what was the main consequence of the partition of Bengal
creation of All India Muslim League
what were the changes of personel to the India office in 1905
SoS changed to Morely
Viceroy changed to Minto
who said self-gov for india was a ‘fantastic, ludicrous dream’
Minto
what was involved in the Indian Councils Act (1909)
introduced direct elections for local councils and enlarged provincial councils- 135 Indian reps elected with separate muslim councils
when was the Anglo-Russian Convention and what did it do
1903-Br promised to stay out of N Persia while recognising S Persia as being in Br sphere of influnce
who replaced Minto as Viceroy and when
1910- Hardinage
when did King George VI visit India and what was this called
1911- called Durbar
when was Bengal reunified and under which Viceroy
1911- Hardinge
when was the capital shifted to New Delhi and what did this lead to
1911- led to more Hindu unrest
stats about muslim employment between 1901-1911
1901- 1/8 of 1235
1911- 1/5 of 2305
what did the 1912 Islington Commission state
recommended ‘Indianisation’ of Indian higher council
what was the influence of Joseph Chamberlain
-rejected office of chancellor to become Sec. of State for colonies
-led annexation of Ashantiland
-initiated Uganda Railway
-took RNC territory and established direct control
-key in boer war
-imperial preference
what was the influence of Cecil Rhodes
-PM of Cape Colony 1990-1996
-passed Franchise and Ballot Act (1892) which limited native voting
what was the influence of Lord Curzon
-viceroy of India 1899-1905
-partitioned Bengal
-adopts gold standard which stabilizes the rupee
-consolidated 6000 miles of railway
what was the influence of Evelyn Baring
-Consul General of Egypt 1883-1907
-bullied Abbas II (Khedive of Egypt) into submission in 1892
what was the influence of Alfred Milner
-handpicked by Chamberlain to be High Commissioner for SA from 1907
-used chinese workers to extract gold- disgraced him
what was the influence of Lord Kitchener
-reconquered Sudan (1896-99)
-Led Br forces in 2nd Boer War (1899-1902) implementing tactics such as scorched Earth
-Consul General for Egypt/Sudan (1911-1914)
-Commander in Chief of Indian army 1902-1904
what was the influence of Frederick Lugard
-Governor of Hong Kong
-Governor-General of Nigeria
-amalgamated two Nigerias into one in 1906
-Lugard Constitution created protectorate over Nigeria
when was the Uganda railway built
1896
by 1914, what % of Br exports did India control and how much was this worth
20% worth £150 million
how much was Br trade worth in 1896
£745 million
of the 745 million, how much was with colonies
£183 million (25%)
what was imperial preference
a commercial arrangement with dominions in which preferential rates were granted to one another by constituent units of an empire
who were some key critics of Empire and what did they say
-Hobson said imperialism was ‘capitalist plot’ done with intent of making rich richer
-Hobbhouse reported on conditions in concentration camps
what were some causes of the Boer War
Political- dispute between Transvaal and Br over Uitlander voting (47,000 Uitlanders).
On 9 October 1899, Kruger sent telegram demanding Br remove troops from Transvaal border.
Economic- in 1896 Transvaal gov was richest in world. ‘Rand Millionaires’ felt they profited from granting voting rights
Social- uitlanders denied right to vote and denied citizenship rights
what were some of the key events of the Boer War
-Boers lay siege to Kimberley, Ladysmith, Mafeking early on
-Kitchener and Roberts sent to lead efforts
-previous towns lost taken back very quickly
-Kruger exiled to Europe
-1901 Boers invade Cape Colonies in guerrilla warfare
-scorched Earth policy destroyed 30,000 undefended
what were some facts about concentration camps and those who fought
-26,000 Boer women/children killed
-80% of thos killed in cc were <16
-1/2 of men who fought werent fit to fight
main consequences of the Boer war
-Kitchener attacked for scorched earth policy
-22,000 deaths
-cost £250 million
-changed way conservatives viewed
how many papers did the daily mail have in circulation by 1902
1 million
when was a protectorate established over Zanzibar
1890
when did Br and Fr identify Br dominance in Nigeria
1890
when was BEAC replaced by a protectorate in Uganda
1894
when was Kenya incorporated into the BEAC
1895
when was Nigeria taken over by the RNC
1900
what % of Br exports went to Empire
37%
