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free guide to amazing grade > Germany Booklet 5 > Flashcards

Germany Booklet 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Who became Chancellor of the FRG in 1969?

A

Willy Brandt

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2
Q

Which treaty happened in 1972?

A

Basic Treaty

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3
Q

What did the Basic Treaty do?

A

Confirmed the division of Germany as two legal states and led to economic cooperation between the FRG and the GDR

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4
Q

Who became leader of the USSR in 1985?

A

Gorbachev

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5
Q

Which policies did Gorbachev introduce?

A

Glasnost and Perestroika (Openness and Restructuring)

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6
Q

What are some of the things that Gorbachev did?

A

Reduced the amount of money being given to East Germany and Eastern European countries for propping up their governments
Reduced the number of troops and equipment in Eastern Europe

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7
Q

How much did the GDR borrow from the FRG in the early 1980s?

A

DM1.95 Billion

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8
Q

By 1988, how many application for emigration was the FRG received from the GDR?

A

100,000s

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9
Q

By 1988, how much did the number of East Germans allowed to emigrate increase to?

A

18,500 to 30,000

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10
Q

By 1989, how many people had emigrated to the FRG from the GDR?

A

48,000

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11
Q

By 1987-88 how many more East Germans were allowed to visit relatives?

A

5 million to 6.2 million (Increase of 1.2 million)

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12
Q

How did the FRG react to the increased emigration?

A

They didn’t support it because it was felt that if the GDR became too depleted, there would be repression there and a negative impact on the population of East Germany

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13
Q

Which eastern European country were people using to cross through to the West?

A

Hungary

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14
Q

What did Hungarian officials do on the 9th August 1989?

A

Said they were no longer going to stamp passports of GDR citizens crossing the border to Austria

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15
Q

How many refugees crossed into Austria on the 20th August alone?

A

500

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16
Q

How many refugees did the FRG announce they would take?

A

20,000

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17
Q

How many East German refugees were outside the West German embassy in Prague?

A

4000

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18
Q

How many refugees from the embassy in Prague did the West Germans allow in?

A

45,000

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19
Q

How did the GDR react to the refugee crisis?

A

Launched a verbal assault of West Germany for promoting the depletion of the GDR’s population and declared that he was unmoved by these leaving the GDR calling them traitors to communism

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20
Q

Why was Honecker unable to lead the GDR from August to September 1989?

A

He was ill

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21
Q

Where were the ‘Monday Protests’?

A

Leipzig

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22
Q

How many attended the ‘Monday Protests’?

A

10,000s and then it grew to 100,000s

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23
Q

By October 1989, how many were taking part in the weekly protests?

A

320,000

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24
Q

When did Honecker return from illness?

A

25th September

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25
Q

How many attended the 3 hour riot in Dresden?

A

10,000

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26
Q

How many East Germans did Honecker allow to camp at the FRG Embassy in Prague?

A

14,000

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27
Q

How many people tried to stop and climb on the train leaving Prague for West Germany?

A

10,000

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28
Q

By the 17th October 1989, how many were protesting in Leipzig again?

A

100,000

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29
Q

When Honecker was sacked, who replaced him?

A

Egon Krenz

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30
Q

What did Krenz try to introduce but was rejected?

A

A travel permit

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31
Q

By November 1989, how many East Germans were protesting?

A

750,000

32
Q

When was the press conference of Gunter Schabowski announcing the greater travel rights for those with a passport?

A

November 9th 1989

33
Q

When did border guards lift the barrier between East and West Berlin?

A

11.20pm on 9th November

34
Q

How many Soviet soldiers were in Berlin?

A

1.5 million

35
Q

Within a week of the Berlin Wall coming down, how many East Germans had left for the FRG?

A

17,000

36
Q

When did Helmut Kohl, the leader of the FRG, announce his ten point plan?

A

28th November 1989

37
Q

What did the SED rename itself when the wall fell down?

A

Party of Democratic Socialists

38
Q

How did the FRG react to the fall of the Berlin wall?

A

Providing aid to the 100,000s of people from the GDR arriving in the FRD and preserve some form of structured relationship with the collapsing GDR government

39
Q

What was Kohl’s Ten Point Plan?

A

Aimed to stabilise the situation by moving towards a confederate state linking the two Germanys, then move towards full unification in 5-10 years
He also promised immediate assistance for the GDR to stabilise the country and reduce the numbers leaving for the West

40
Q

Why did Kohl announce the Ten Point Plan so suddenly?

A

The CDU’s polling was low and figured he could gain support from announcing it

41
Q

How did Britain and France react to the Kohl’s announcements?

A

Worried that Germany would become an economic and military power in Europe again and invade countries for the third time

42
Q

How did the USA react to Kohl’s announcements?

A

The USA didn’t mind that reunification could happen, but told Kohl to be careful

43
Q

How did the USSR react to Kohl’s announcements?

A

Believed that it was a bad idea, but agreed to let it happen slowly

44
Q

How many attended demonstrations on the 11th December 1989 in Leipzig?

A

300,000, calling for reunification

45
Q

When did Kohl visit Dresden and how many people gathered to hear him talk?

A

19th December 1989, 100,000 gathered to hear him

46
Q

When was Germany reunified?

A

Midnight on 2nd-3rd October 1990

47
Q

When was the GDR getting huge loans from the FRG?

A

1983 and 1984

48
Q

What did the GDR rely on for energy?

A

Brown coal, which was highly polluting as they were unable to afford oil

49
Q

By 1989, how much lower was the life expectancy in the GDR than the FRG?

A

2 1/2 years lower for men and 7 years lower for women compared to in the FRG

50
Q

How much did the GDR spend trying to create the world’s largest microchip?

A

DDM 1 Billion

51
Q

In October 1989, how much would the GDR have needed to stabilise the country’s debt?

A

DDM 9 Million

52
Q

What did Kohl’s foreign policy advisor claim the FRG’s main focus was in July 1989?

A

Stability, not altering borders

53
Q

Who became the GDR’s leader on 3rd December 1989 following Krenz’s resignation?

A

Hans Modrow

54
Q

What happened to the Stasi on the 15th January 1990?

A

The Stasi HQ in East Berlin was raided by protestors

55
Q

What did Modrow announce on the 18th March 1990?

A

Elections for the GDR in an attempt to save it

56
Q

Who was the FRG’s SPD leader?

A

Oskar Lafontaine

57
Q

Who did Oskar Lafontaine encourage the GDR citizens to vote for?

A

The SPD, in order to slow down the unification process so that it could be carried out in a more organized fashion

58
Q

What was Kohl’s CDU-led coalition called?

A

Alliance for Germany

59
Q

How many seats did the ‘Alliance for Germany’ win?

A

192 of 400

60
Q

How many seats did the PDS win in the GDR?

A

The PDS won 66 seats

61
Q

How many seats did the SPD win in the GDR?

A

88 Seats

62
Q

Who was Lothar de Maiziere?

A

The GDR’s CDU leader who formed a coalition government with the SPD and the League of Free democrats

63
Q

How much were East Germans allowed to convert at a 1:1 rate into West German Marks?

A

DDM 4000

64
Q

Who were the four occupying powers?

A

France, Britain, USSR, USA

65
Q

When did the four powers meet?

A

11th December 1989

66
Q

Why was West Germany angered about the four powers meeting?

A

Germany wasn’t invited to the meeting, similar to the Versailles treaty

67
Q

What were the Two Plus Four Negotiations?

A

Began in March 1990, with a key focus on Germany joining NATO and the size of her military

68
Q

What did Article 23 of the FRG’s constitution mean?

A

Reunification could take place if the GDR accepted unification under the terms and laws of the FRG

69
Q

When did economic unification take place?

A

July 1990

70
Q

What did Gorbachev request from the USA and Britain?

A

Loans to help the USSR’s economy

71
Q

What did Gorbachev say in May 1990?

A

That the USSR would accept Germany as a member of NATO

72
Q

What did Gorbachev meet with Kohl to discuss?

A

The withdrawal of soviet troops from the GDR, the eastern borders of the country and the size of the German Army

73
Q

Which treaty was signed on the 12th September 1990 which resolved the issue of Western military activities in Germany?

A

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

74
Q

What did the Hunagarian government announce on 2nd May, 1989?

A

Barbed wire fencing along the border with Austria was removed

75
Q

What did people throw from the train going through Dresden?

A

Passports so other East Germans could escape

76
Q

Give one result of the industrial growth in East Germany

A

They had the highest levels of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide in the world

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