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free guide to amazing grade > Germany Booklet 2 > Flashcards

Germany Booklet 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How much did the USA lend to European powers during WW1?

A

$7.7 Billion

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2
Q

What was the Burgfriede?

A

A political truce agreed between all the political parties and all the necessary loans to finance the war were passed unanimously

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3
Q

What did the war do to the classes in Germany?

A

It united them all, even the polish population were all supporting the war

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4
Q

What was ‘The Silent Dictatorship’?

A

Where the country began to be run by the Generals Hindenburg and Ludedorff, all they had to do was threaten to resign and they could get their way with Bethmann and the Kaiser

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5
Q

What was the Kreznauch programme?

A

This was the basis of what Hindenburg and Ludendorff wanted to achieve with an end to the war
It called for annexation of the Baltic region, Poland, Luxembourg, and mineral fields.

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6
Q

What was the Zimmerman Telegram?

A

A telegraph sent to Mexico asking them to invade the USA in 1917, this was uncovered by the British and sent to the Americans, who promptly joined the war after this

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7
Q

What was the October revolution?

A

A communist revolution in Russia

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8
Q

What was the February revolution?

A

A democratic revolution in Russia

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9
Q

Which ship did the Germans sink in 1915 and how many were killed?

A

Lusitania, 1198 were killed

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10
Q

Why was the sinking of the Lusitania significant?

A

A lot of Americans were onboard the ship

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11
Q

When did Bethmann resign and who replaced him?

A

July 1917, replaced by Michaelis

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12
Q

What was the Siegfriede?

A

A victory peace so Germany could achieve world power status

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13
Q

In December 1915, how many SPD members voted against the vote on war credits?

A

20

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14
Q

Who replaced Haase as the leader of the SPD?

A

Friedrich Ebert

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15
Q

In March 1916, how many SPD deputies votes against the government’s emergency budget?

A

19

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16
Q

When was the USPD (Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany) formed?

A

April 1917

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17
Q

Which extreme left-wing group was the USPD loosely associated with?

A

Spartacus League

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18
Q

Who were the 2 leaders of the Spartacus League?

A

Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg

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19
Q

Why were the 2 leaders of the Spartacus League imprisoned in 1916-18?

A

Attempting to start a revolution

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20
Q

By January 1918, how many members did the USPD have and what were they doing?

A

120,000 members involved in strikes all across the countries involving millions of people

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21
Q

How many soldiers did the USA bring in 1917 and 1918?

A

1917: 1 million
1918: Another 1 million

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22
Q

How much did Russia lose after the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

34% of their population
54% of their industrial land

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23
Q

What did the KRA do?

A

Produced war materials for Germany, played a big role in nitrate production during WW1 for explosives and prevented the looming munitions crisis

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24
Q

How much of the war cost was covered by taxes?

A

16%

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25
Q

Where did the rest of the war cost money come from?

A

War Bonds and printing more money

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26
Q

Why was there a decline in grain supply?

A

The British blockading of Germany

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27
Q

How many dead and wounded soldiers did Germany have?

A

1.8 million dead, 4.2 million wounded

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28
Q

In 1915, what % of Germany’s pigs were killed to save on grain?

A

35%

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29
Q

What was the winter of 1916 called due to the severe shortage of food?

A

The Turnip Winter

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30
Q

Before the war, what proportion of Germany’s food did it get from imports?

A

1/3

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31
Q

During the war, how many civilians died of starvation?

A

750,000

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32
Q

How much did infant mortality increase by during the war years?

A

50%

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33
Q

How much did average prices rise between 1914-18 compared to wages in Germany?

A

Average prices doubled, but wages only rose by 50-75%

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34
Q

By April 1917, how many workers were striking in Berlin

A

200,000

35
Q

What was there a shortage of in 1916?

A

Meat

36
Q

Which party voted against the Brest-Litovsk treaty?

A

USPD

37
Q

How many German soldiers were captured at the Battle of Amiens?

A

16,000

38
Q

Where did Ludendorff inform the Kaiser that the war was lost?

A

The Spa conference

39
Q

Who became chancellor in October 1918?

A

Prince Max

40
Q

Which parties did Prince Max’s government have members of?

A

SPD, Zentrum and the Progressives

41
Q

Which reforms did Prince Max introduce?

A

Abolished the three-class franchise system
The Kaiser lost control of the army and navy, this power was given to the Reichstag
The chancellor and government were made accountable, not the Kaiser

42
Q

What did Woodrow Wilson say would have to happen for Germany to be offered better peace terms?

A

The kaiser must resign

43
Q

What was the Kiel Mutiny?

A

Soldiers were ordered to go out to sea, they refused calling it a ‘lunatic gesture’, two ships’ crews mutinied and the following day set up their own councils. These expanded to almost all the main cities and ports.

44
Q

When was the first naval mutiny and how many were imprisoned?

A

29th October 1918, 600 imprisoned

45
Q

How many sailors mutinied on the 4th November 1918?

A

100,000

46
Q

How many soldiers were killed in the military revolt in Berlin?

A

15

47
Q

What date did the Kaiser abdicate?

A

9th November 1918

48
Q

By 1914 what % of the vote did the SPD have?

A

35%

49
Q

What was the name of Ebert’s agreement with the army?

A

Ebert-Groener Pact

50
Q

What did the Ebert-Groener pact do?

A

Confirmed that the armed forces would support the government and in return the government would support the armed forces

51
Q

What was the name of Ebert’s agreement with the industrialists?

A

Stinnes-Legien Agreement

52
Q

What did the Stinnes-Legien agreement do?

A

Unions agreed not to interfere with private ownership and the free market in return for full legal recognition and an 8 hour working day

53
Q

What was the name of the organisation Ebert set up to run the country before the elections?

A

Council of People’s Commissars

54
Q

Why did the USPD resign?

A

They were unhappy with the way that Ebert handled the Sailors Uprising on the 23rd December 1918

55
Q

What was the Spartacist Uprising?

A

The KPD attempted to take control of Berlin, on January 5th 1919, but by January 15th, the revolt had been crushed and both leaders of the uprising had been killed

56
Q

Which party did the Spartacists create after splitting with the USPD?

A

KPD, German Communist Party

57
Q

Who were the two leaders of the Spartacist Uprising?

A

Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg

58
Q

Which paramilitary group stopped the uprising?

A

Freikorps

59
Q

What are the Freikorps?

A

A general name for about 200 paramilitary groups, largely recruited from demobilised soldiers

60
Q

What did Kurt Eisner do?

A

Overthrew the Bavarian government and declared them as an independent socialist republic

61
Q

What % of the vote did the SPD gain in the January 1919 election

A

38%

62
Q

How did the treaty of Versailles impact Germany territorially?

A

Alsace Lorraine was French again
Rhineland demilitarized
Eupen and Malmedy were given to Belgium

63
Q

How much was Germany supposed to repay in reparations after the war?

A

£6.6 Billion/232 Billions Gold Marks
They only found out how much they were supposed to pay in 1921

64
Q

How was Germany’s armed forces limited after the war?

A

100,000 soldiers
6 Battleships
15,000 sailors
No vehicles like Tanks, planes or Jeeps
0 submarines
Abolition of conscription

65
Q

What was the War Guilt Clause?

A

Clause 231: Germany had to accept guilt for the war even though they weren’t really at fault for it starting

66
Q

Which coalfield was controlled by the League of Nations until 1935?

A

Saarland

67
Q

Which chancellor resigned rather than sign the Versailles treaty?

A

Scheidermann

68
Q

As part of the new Weimar constitution, how often was the president elected and what powers did they have?

A

Elections ever 7 years
Can appoint the chancellor
Dissolve the Reichstag, leading to an election
Can call a state of emergency

69
Q

As part of the new Weimar constitution, how often was the Reichstag elected and what was it like?

A

Elections every 4 years
Proportional representation and voted in by everyone over 20

70
Q

As part of the new Weimar constitution, what were elections like?

A

Germany was split into regions and each party could put forward a number of candidates per party
Each candidate got 1 seat for every 60,000 votes
Large amount of smaller parties which lead to coalition governments causing slow decision making

71
Q

As part of the new Weimar constitution, what could the Chancellor do?

A

Chancellor was chosen by the party with the most votes
Equivalent of a British Prime Minister
Proposes laws voted on by the Reichstag

72
Q

As part of the new Weimar constitution, what was the Reichsrat?

A

Germany was divided into 17 states, 67 people in the Reichsrat
Was formally known as the Bundesrat
Reichstag could override the Reichsrat

73
Q

What was Article 48?

A

Known as the emergency powers
President calls a state of emergency
Ignores the Reichstag
Use the armed forces for public safety

74
Q

What was the Bill of Rights?

A

Gave things like:
Unemployment benefit
Freedom and Speech, Belief and Movement
Trade Unions allowed
Sick Pay

75
Q

How was proportional representation a problem?

A

Any party winning 30,001 votes in a region gained a seat in the reichstag which meant small extremists parties gained representation

76
Q

What did Article 54 of the constitution do?

A

Allowed the Judiciary to maintain their independence

77
Q

Why did Erzberger resign?

A

The judges ruled against him in his court case again Helfferech who had accused him of fraud and corruption

78
Q

How many years in prison did Felix Fechenbach get for violating the press law compared to Adolf Hitler for his Munich Putsch?

A

Fechenbach: 11 years
Hitler: 5 years

79
Q

Who stopped the Munich Putsch because the army wouldn’t?

A

The Bavarian police

80
Q

When was the NSDAP banned?

A

9th November 1923

81
Q

Name the 8 major parties in 1919 and put them in order from Left wing to Right wing.

A

KPD, USPD, SPD, DDP, Z, BVP, DVP, DNVP

82
Q

Why was the January 1919 election a failure for the SPD?

A

Failed to win a majority

83
Q

Which disease hit Europe in 1918 and how many were killed?

A

Spanish Influenza, 20-40 million

84
Q

What new currency was introduced in 1924?

A

Rentenmark

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