Geology Rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

What is metamorphic rock?

A

Rocks underground that get heated so much they melt, turn into magma. Magma is liquid rock. Magma also comes from deeper inside the earth, from a region called the mantle.

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2
Q

How is extrusive igneous rock formed?

A

Pressure can force magma out of the ground. This creates a volcano. When the magma cools it turns into the solid rock which is extrusive igneous rock.

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3
Q

What is intrusive igneous rock?

A

Solid rock which forms when magma cools underground

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4
Q

State how sedimentary rock is created

A

Compaction and cementation presses the layers and sticks the particles together.

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5
Q

What is uplift?

A

Areas of rock move slowly upwards, pushed up by pressure of the rocks forming underneath.

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6
Q

Name the three types of weathering

A

Physical
Chemical
Biological

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7
Q

What is weathering?

A

The break down of rocks on the surface of the earth.

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8
Q

What is erosion?

A

When wind and water move the broken rock particles away.

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9
Q

Where do rivers and streams transport the broken rock particles which have been eroded to?

A

They are deposited in lakes and seas where they build up to form layers. This starts the process of sedimentation which will create sedimentary rock.

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10
Q

What is sedimentary rock?

A

Types of rock which are formed by the deposition of material at the earths surface.

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11
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

The erosion of rocks caused by chemical reactions such as rainwater which is slightly acidic.

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12
Q

What is physical weathering?

A

When rocks break apart without changing their chemical composition eg changes in the movement of the earth, warm temperatures, water and ice.

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13
Q

What is biological weathering?

A

The weakening of rock by plants, animals and microbes.

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